{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306399382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207866","title":"High-Performance Pockels Effect Modulation and Switching in Silicon-Based GaP/Si, AlP/Si, ZnS/Si, AlN/3C-SiC, GaAs/Ge, ZnSe/GaAs, and ZnSe/Ge Superlattice-On-Insulator Integrated Circuits","display_name":"High-Performance Pockels Effect Modulation and Switching in Silicon-Based GaP/Si, AlP/Si, ZnS/Si, AlN/3C-SiC, GaAs/Ge, ZnSe/GaAs, and ZnSe/Ge Superlattice-On-Insulator Integrated Circuits","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306399382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207866","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36298217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22207866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207866","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7866/pdf?version=1665915713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7866/pdf?version=1665915713","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020641421","display_name":"Francesco De Leonardis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3876-946X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68618741","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/03c44v465","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco De Leonardis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Photonics Research Group, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3876-946X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Research Group, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015687395","display_name":"Richard Soref","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7303-7056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33434090","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Boston","ror":"https://ror.org/04ydmy275","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Soref","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7303-7056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020641421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.5539,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64386424,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"20","first_page":"7866","last_page":"7866"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10666","display_name":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7146655321121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pockels-effect","display_name":"Pockels effect","score":0.6275694370269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.6265701055526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superlattice","display_name":"Superlattice","score":0.5160729289054871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wafer","display_name":"Wafer","score":0.447262704372406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resonator","display_name":"Resonator","score":0.4358506500720978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2955830693244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1964760422706604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7146655321121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186419263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899456","display_name":"Pockels effect","level":3,"score":0.6275694370269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6265701055526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105382558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332431","display_name":"Superlattice","level":2,"score":0.5160729289054871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160671074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267131","display_name":"Wafer","level":2,"score":0.447262704372406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.4358506500720978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2955830693244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1964760422706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22207866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207866","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7866/pdf?version=1665915713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36298217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36298217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df26a53ec8674baf8aeec0ab0fce540c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df26a53ec8674baf8aeec0ab0fce540c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 20, p 7866 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/20/7866/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 20; Pages: 7866","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9607796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9607796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22207866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207866","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7866/pdf?version=1665915713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306399382.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306399382.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968549817","https://openalex.org/W1971740488","https://openalex.org/W1980480885","https://openalex.org/W1988755854","https://openalex.org/W1997272529","https://openalex.org/W2046605354","https://openalex.org/W2074539839","https://openalex.org/W2081546967","https://openalex.org/W2091383335","https://openalex.org/W2205867863","https://openalex.org/W2328923857","https://openalex.org/W2332294414","https://openalex.org/W2582763176","https://openalex.org/W2772899822","https://openalex.org/W2777686774","https://openalex.org/W2851293089","https://openalex.org/W2964242282","https://openalex.org/W2997974053","https://openalex.org/W3105148358","https://openalex.org/W3145598426","https://openalex.org/W3195862557","https://openalex.org/W4205576766","https://openalex.org/W4225747494","https://openalex.org/W4281734502","https://openalex.org/W4285279785","https://openalex.org/W4288368915","https://openalex.org/W4308480784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2534290920","https://openalex.org/W2026628379","https://openalex.org/W1984860738","https://openalex.org/W3092019542","https://openalex.org/W2405895097","https://openalex.org/W2168586217","https://openalex.org/W2792721407","https://openalex.org/W279396859","https://openalex.org/W2765670836","https://openalex.org/W1965686274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,31],"propose":[1],"new":[2],"a":[3,33,89,113,169,173],"Si-based":[4],"waveguided":[5,65],"Superlattice-on-Insulator":[6],"(SLOI)":[7],"platforms":[8,110],"for":[9,98,172],"high-performance":[10],"electro-optical":[11],"(EO)":[12],"2":[13,15],"\u00d7":[14,18,23],"and":[16,21,29,56,71,140,147],"N":[17],"M":[19],"switching":[20,135],"1":[22,24],"modulation,":[25],"including":[26],"broad":[27],"spectrum":[28],"resonant.":[30],"present":[32],"theoretical":[34],"investigation":[35],"based":[36],"on":[37],"the":[38,42,47,81,92,95,107,156,161],"tight-binding":[39],"Hamiltonian":[40],"of":[41,67,80,91,94,117,155,163,175,183],"Pockels":[43,82],"EO":[44],"effect":[45],"in":[46,160],"lattice-matched":[48],"undoped":[49],"(GaP)N/(Si2)M,":[50],"(AlP)N/(Si2)M,":[51],"(ZnS)N/(Si2)M,":[52],"(AlN)N/(3C\u2212SiC)M,":[53],"(GaAs)N/(Ge2)M,":[54],"(ZnSe)N/(GaAs)M,":[55],"(ZnSe)N/(Ge2)M":[57],"wafer-scale":[58],"short-period":[59],"superlattices":[60],"that":[61],"are":[62],"etched":[63],"into":[64],"networks":[66,180],"small-footprint":[68],"Mach-Zehnder":[69],"interferometers":[70],"micro-ring":[72],"resonators":[73],"to":[74,111,165],"yield":[75],"opto-electronic":[76],"chips.":[77],"The":[78,101],"spectra":[79],"r33":[83,104],"coefficient":[84],"have":[85],"been":[86],"simulated":[87],"as":[88,178],"function":[90],"number":[93],"atomic":[96],"monolayers":[97],"\u201cnon-relaxed\u201d":[99],"heterointerfaces.":[100],"large":[102],"obtained":[103,151],"values":[105,154],"enable":[106],"SLOI":[108],"circuit":[109],"offer":[112],"very":[114,152],"favorable":[115],"combination":[116],"monolithic":[118],"construction,":[119],"cost-effective":[120],"manufacturability,":[121],"high":[122,125],"modulation/switching":[123],"speed,":[124],"information":[126],"bandwidth,":[127],"tiny":[128],"footprint,":[129],"low":[130,134],"energy":[131],"per":[132],"bit,":[133],"voltage,":[136],"near-IR-and-telecom":[137],"wavelength":[138],"coverage,":[139],"push-pull":[141],"operation.":[142],"By":[143],"optimizing":[144],"waveguide,":[145],"clad,":[146],"electrode":[148],"dimensions,":[149],"we":[150],"desirable":[153],"V\u03c0L":[157],"performance":[158],"metric,":[159],"range":[162],"0.062":[164],"0.275":[166],"V\u00b7cm,":[167],"portending":[168],"bright":[170],"future":[171],"variety":[174],"applications,":[176],"such":[177],"sensor":[179],"or":[181],"Internet":[182],"Things":[184],"(IoT).":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
