{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297505067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197367","title":"Implementation of a Distributed Framework for Permissioned Blockchain-Based Secure Automotive Supply Chain Management","display_name":"Implementation of a Distributed Framework for Permissioned Blockchain-Based Secure Automotive Supply Chain Management","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297505067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197367","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7367/pdf?version=1664359477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7367/pdf?version=1664359477","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102781780","display_name":"Saima Zafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-1003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saima Zafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-1003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061346558","display_name":"Syed Faseeh Ul Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1963-9723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Faseeh Ul Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1963-9723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061745677","display_name":"Alsharef Mohammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0512-6548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AlSharef Mohammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, TAIF University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, TAIF University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076107731","display_name":"Ahmad Aziz Alahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-7671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Aziz Al-Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, TAIF University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-7671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, TAIF University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050959504","display_name":"Nasim Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-6374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nasim Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, TAIF University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-6374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, TAIF University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050959504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":9.57,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9804997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"19","first_page":"7367","last_page":"7367"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.7350168824195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.704799234867096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tamper-resistance","display_name":"Tamper resistance","score":0.6743253469467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6222219467163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.5925788879394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45637333393096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34315168857574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.17708590626716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1632484793663025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7350168824195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.704799234867096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19163912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7681779","display_name":"Tamper resistance","level":2,"score":0.6743253469467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6222219467163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.5925788879394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45637333393096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34315168857574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17708590626716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1632484793663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197367","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7367/pdf?version=1664359477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b2ccd29247f241e58a693c931c481522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b2ccd29247f241e58a693c931c481522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 19, p 7367 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/19/7367/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 19; Pages: 7367","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9571533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9571533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197367","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7367/pdf?version=1664359477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4332198625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020/121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7299194679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297505067.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297505067.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011431634","https://openalex.org/W2802409081","https://openalex.org/W2808754907","https://openalex.org/W2891724828","https://openalex.org/W2901598045","https://openalex.org/W2905294860","https://openalex.org/W2911810074","https://openalex.org/W2945500960","https://openalex.org/W2948545174","https://openalex.org/W2949041275","https://openalex.org/W2953480947","https://openalex.org/W2956989650","https://openalex.org/W2957441376","https://openalex.org/W2964302640","https://openalex.org/W2964483447","https://openalex.org/W2965646216","https://openalex.org/W2979664073","https://openalex.org/W2990203041","https://openalex.org/W2990644171","https://openalex.org/W2994924200","https://openalex.org/W3017089210","https://openalex.org/W3034837082","https://openalex.org/W3046167482","https://openalex.org/W3093525173","https://openalex.org/W3097321623","https://openalex.org/W3158249753","https://openalex.org/W3173021666","https://openalex.org/W3215187144","https://openalex.org/W3216328264","https://openalex.org/W4206051951","https://openalex.org/W4223928424","https://openalex.org/W4233806970","https://openalex.org/W4289333546","https://openalex.org/W6841399792","https://openalex.org/W6930112350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4290858500","https://openalex.org/W4231895470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"automotive":[1,89,200,243],"supply":[2,90,135,244],"chain":[3,32,91,97,136,245],"includes":[4],"a":[5,20,96,108,127],"range":[6],"of":[7,12,30,98,105,115,138,175,182,191,202,228,241,259],"activities":[8],"from":[9],"the":[10,13,47,55,139,157,199,208,226,239,242,256,260],"concept":[11],"product":[14],"to":[15,19,46,54,165],"its":[16],"final":[17],"transfer":[18,72,102],"customer":[21],"and":[22,36,49,71,103,120,133,161,180,225],"subsequent":[23],"vehicle":[24,69],"maintenance.":[25,37],"The":[26,212],"three":[27],"distinct":[28],"stages":[29],"this":[31,123],"are":[33,43,223],"production,":[34],"sales,":[35],"In":[38,66,122,154],"many":[39],"countries,":[40],"automobile":[41,140],"records":[42,114],"not":[44],"available":[45],"public":[48],"anyone":[50],"who":[51],"has":[52],"access":[53],"central":[56],"database":[57],"or":[58,76],"government":[59],"systems":[60],"can":[61,80,248],"tamper":[62],"with":[63,252],"these":[64],"records.":[65],"addition,":[67],"used":[68],"maintenance":[70],"histories":[73],"remain":[74],"unavailable":[75],"inaccessible.":[77],"These":[78],"issues":[79],"be":[81],"overcome":[82],"by":[83],"incorporating":[84],"state-of-the-art":[85],"blockchain":[86,158,221,247],"technology":[87,94],"into":[88],"management.":[92],"Blockchain":[93],"uses":[95],"blocks":[99],"for":[100,131,151,197],"distributed":[101,148],"storage":[104],"information,":[106],"creating":[107],"decentralized":[109],"data":[110,201],"register":[111],"that":[112,187,238],"makes":[113],"any":[116],"digital":[117],"asset":[118],"tamper-proof":[119],"transparent.":[121],"paper,":[124],"we":[125],"implement":[126,249],"permissioned":[128],"blockchain-based":[129],"framework":[130],"secure":[132],"efficient":[134],"management":[137],"industry.":[141],"We":[142,169],"employed":[143],"Hyperledger":[144],"Fabric;":[145],"an":[146],"enterprise-grade":[147],"ledger":[149],"platform":[150],"developing":[152],"solutions.":[153],"our":[155,171],"solution,":[156],"is":[159,195,215,231],"customized":[160],"private":[162],"in":[163,173,255],"order":[164],"ensure":[166],"system":[167,172,250],"security.":[168],"evaluated":[170],"terms":[174],"memory":[176,193,209],"cost,":[177,179],"monetary":[178,213],"speed":[181,227],"execution.":[183],"Our":[184,234],"results":[185,235],"demonstrate":[186],"only":[188],"346":[189],"MB":[190],"extra":[192],"space":[194],"required":[196],"storing":[198],"1":[203],"million":[204],"users,":[205],"thus":[206],"rendering":[207],"cost":[210,214],"negligible.":[211],"insignificant":[216],"as":[217],"all":[218],"open":[219],"source":[220],"resources":[222],"employed,":[224],"record":[229],"update":[230],"also":[232,236],"fast.":[233],"show":[237],"decentralization":[240],"using":[246],"security":[251],"minor":[253],"modifications":[254],"established":[257],"configuration":[258],"web":[261],"application":[262],"database.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2022-09-29T00:00:00"}
