{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297474673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197344","title":"A Method of Deep Learning Model Optimization for Image Classification on Edge Device","display_name":"A Method of Deep Learning Model Optimization for Image Classification on Edge Device","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297474673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197344","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197344","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7344/pdf?version=1664517572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7344/pdf?version=1664517572","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035298647","display_name":"Hyungkeuk Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-4855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyungkeuk Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Intelligence Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-4855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Intelligence Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052018173","display_name":"NamKyung Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"NamKyung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Intelligence Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Intelligence Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114526322","display_name":"Sungjin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-8394"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sungjin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Engineering, Dong Seoul University, 76 Bokjeong-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13117, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-8394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Engineering, Dong Seoul University, 76 Bokjeong-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13117, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114526322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.447,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90524695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"19","first_page":"7344","last_page":"7344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7034887671470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6871717572212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6114780306816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.49166709184646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4536260664463043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.41965818405151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41528230905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3283117413520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17662471532821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09553489089012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.09362098574638367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7034887671470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6871717572212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6114780306816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.49166709184646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4536260664463043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.41965818405151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41528230905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3283117413520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17662471532821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09553489089012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.09362098574638367}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197344","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7344/pdf?version=1664517572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36236445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d0b7c28bd9ae4e0f90c41622a87e7612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d0b7c28bd9ae4e0f90c41622a87e7612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 19, p 7344 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/19/7344/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 19; Pages: 7344","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9571348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9571348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197344","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7344/pdf?version=1664517572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2304277483","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-00852","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3271016547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1F1A1062878","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297474673.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297474673.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2561238782","https://openalex.org/W2592691248","https://openalex.org/W2620998106","https://openalex.org/W2739879705","https://openalex.org/W2748787960","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2769312802","https://openalex.org/W2786945063","https://openalex.org/W2787017828","https://openalex.org/W2787752464","https://openalex.org/W2798599891","https://openalex.org/W2799404913","https://openalex.org/W2803661886","https://openalex.org/W2807912816","https://openalex.org/W2808373772","https://openalex.org/W2886756692","https://openalex.org/W2887783173","https://openalex.org/W2899870496","https://openalex.org/W2907257898","https://openalex.org/W2936252403","https://openalex.org/W2946525618","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2953738034","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2971900992","https://openalex.org/W2976135203","https://openalex.org/W2981884310","https://openalex.org/W2983128379","https://openalex.org/W2997006708","https://openalex.org/W3006051380","https://openalex.org/W3012561096","https://openalex.org/W3034342078","https://openalex.org/W3034368386","https://openalex.org/W3034695001","https://openalex.org/W3035163969","https://openalex.org/W3035409869","https://openalex.org/W3044604993","https://openalex.org/W3087810721","https://openalex.org/W3137147200","https://openalex.org/W3138154797","https://openalex.org/W3138994021","https://openalex.org/W3208606552","https://openalex.org/W3213324488","https://openalex.org/W4280649430","https://openalex.org/W4281772828","https://openalex.org/W6751751081","https://openalex.org/W6762585180","https://openalex.org/W6763342845","https://openalex.org/W6770394654","https://openalex.org/W6774085601","https://openalex.org/W6779893835","https://openalex.org/W6780827055","https://openalex.org/W6791793911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386245174","https://openalex.org/W4313339048","https://openalex.org/W4200132709","https://openalex.org/W3176734149","https://openalex.org/W3201779876","https://openalex.org/W3113627641","https://openalex.org/W2918879532","https://openalex.org/W3083220997","https://openalex.org/W2885461866","https://openalex.org/W3162654428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,48,74],"the":[2,13,35,118],"recent":[3],"increasing":[4],"utilization":[5],"of":[6,31,80,106,117],"deep":[7,76,130],"learning":[8,77,131],"models":[9],"on":[10,34],"edge":[11],"devices,":[12],"industry":[14],"demand":[15],"for":[16,90,95],"Deep":[17],"Learning":[18],"Model":[19],"Optimization":[20],"(DLMO)":[21],"is":[22],"also":[23],"increasing.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"derives":[27],"a":[28,59,114],"usage":[29],"strategy":[30],"DLMO":[32,91],"based":[33],"performance":[36,107],"evaluation":[37],"through":[38],"light":[39],"convolution,":[40],"quantization,":[41],"pruning":[42],"techniques":[43],"and":[44,55,71],"knowledge":[45],"distillation,":[46],"known":[47],"be":[49],"excellent":[50],"in":[51,104],"reducing":[52],"memory":[53],"size":[54],"operation":[56],"delay":[57],"with":[58],"minimal":[60],"accuracy":[61],"drop.":[62],"Through":[63],"experiments":[64],"regarding":[65],"image":[66],"classification,":[67],"we":[68,112],"derive":[69],"possible":[70,115],"optimal":[72],"strategies":[73,89],"apply":[75],"into":[78],"Internet":[79],"Things":[81],"(IoT)":[82],"or":[83],"tiny":[84],"embedded":[85],"devices.":[86],"In":[87,109],"particular,":[88],"technology":[92],"most":[93,119],"suitable":[94],"each":[96],"on-device":[97],"Artificial":[98],"Intelligence":[99],"(AI)":[100],"service":[101],"are":[102],"proposed":[103],"terms":[105],"factors.":[108],"this":[110],"paper,":[111],"suggest":[113],"solution":[116],"rational":[120],"algorithm":[121],"under":[122],"very":[123],"limited":[124],"resource":[125],"environments":[126],"by":[127],"utilizing":[128],"mature":[129],"methodologies.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
