{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297226809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197263","title":"An Efficient and Secure Energy Trading Approach with Machine Learning Technique and Consortium Blockchain","display_name":"An Efficient and Secure Energy Trading Approach with Machine Learning Technique and Consortium Blockchain","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297226809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197263","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197263","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7263/pdf?version=1664340483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7263/pdf?version=1664340483","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038115688","display_name":"Tehreem Ashfaq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tehreem Ashfaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111033642","display_name":"Muhammad Irfan Khalid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Irfan Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6643-6558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108115089","display_name":"Gauhar Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gauhar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-7347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112865299","display_name":"Mohammad El Affendi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad El Affendi","raw_affiliation_strings":["EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-1985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048409819","display_name":"Jawaid Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5045-7485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088086","display_name":"Capital University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/004776246","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088086"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jawaid Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698089","display_name":"Saddam Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-1330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189462010","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86","country_code":"BN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}],"countries":["BN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saddam Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-1330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072148840","display_name":"Syed Sajid Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-0389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["NO","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Sajid Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA","Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder (UiA), N-4898 Grimstad, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-0389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder (UiA), N-4898 Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027499584","display_name":"Adamu Sani Yahaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-7221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adamu Sani Yahaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032253604","display_name":"Rabiya Khalid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6257-9941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rabiya Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108041480","display_name":"Abdul Mateen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154413","display_name":"University of Sialkot","ror":"https://ror.org/00kg1aq11","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154413"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Mateen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51040, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51040, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154413"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072148840","https://openalex.org/A5100698089"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010","https://openalex.org/I200650556","https://openalex.org/I7863295"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":7.8114,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97385314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"19","first_page":"7263","last_page":"7263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7284227609634399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.587506115436554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5272656679153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.5143819451332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4751541316509247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-work-system","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","score":0.4711567163467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.41799426078796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.41439494490623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32539159059524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2680043578147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12753114104270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10491004586219788}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7284227609634399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.587506115436554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5272656679153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.5143819451332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4751541316509247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123436394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249984","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","level":3,"score":0.4711567163467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.41799426078796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.41439494490623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32539159059524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2680043578147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12753114104270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10491004586219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197263","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7263/pdf?version=1664340483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36236363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9571319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9571319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:44f220bc5c0147aea968d571b698da1a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/44f220bc5c0147aea968d571b698da1a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 19, p 7263 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/19/7263/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 19; Pages: 7263","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uia.brage.unit.no:11250/3042961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3042961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"28","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197263","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7263/pdf?version=1664340483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297226809.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297226809.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2283838654","https://openalex.org/W2539190473","https://openalex.org/W2544892650","https://openalex.org/W2562667804","https://openalex.org/W2576179182","https://openalex.org/W2619984247","https://openalex.org/W2748692995","https://openalex.org/W2752263663","https://openalex.org/W2777447168","https://openalex.org/W2783275103","https://openalex.org/W2793610021","https://openalex.org/W2802219065","https://openalex.org/W2803109435","https://openalex.org/W2808473341","https://openalex.org/W2883035728","https://openalex.org/W2889944408","https://openalex.org/W2891930034","https://openalex.org/W2894786170","https://openalex.org/W2897575180","https://openalex.org/W2900230206","https://openalex.org/W2901571784","https://openalex.org/W2907044432","https://openalex.org/W2909202584","https://openalex.org/W2910957029","https://openalex.org/W2912326896","https://openalex.org/W2931548779","https://openalex.org/W2946273902","https://openalex.org/W2946624032","https://openalex.org/W2946701076","https://openalex.org/W2956989650","https://openalex.org/W2963558364","https://openalex.org/W2969411945","https://openalex.org/W2972990332","https://openalex.org/W2980394403","https://openalex.org/W2984338438","https://openalex.org/W2995742573","https://openalex.org/W2999379079","https://openalex.org/W3009727767","https://openalex.org/W3012447079","https://openalex.org/W3017614378","https://openalex.org/W3025488208","https://openalex.org/W3037610718","https://openalex.org/W3083630348","https://openalex.org/W3084776730","https://openalex.org/W3113404185","https://openalex.org/W3117185436","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4212817512","https://openalex.org/W4214745246","https://openalex.org/W4229439583","https://openalex.org/W6746873430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297798448","https://openalex.org/W4388187043","https://openalex.org/W4396713893","https://openalex.org/W4285161539","https://openalex.org/W2982625131","https://openalex.org/W4396636834","https://openalex.org/W3092627261","https://openalex.org/W4396241386","https://openalex.org/W4399333949","https://openalex.org/W4285166115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,132],"this":[1,133,215],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,36,93,115,146,163,232],"secure":[4],"energy":[5,19,25,38,57,75,102],"trading":[6,20,26,68],"mechanism":[7,175],"based":[8],"on":[9],"blockchain":[10],"technology":[11],"is":[12,140,149,189,211],"proposed.":[13],"The":[14,172],"proposed":[15,153,173,197,208,222],"model":[16,188],"deals":[17],"with":[18],"problems":[21],"such":[22,82,104],"as":[23,83,105],"insecure":[24],"and":[27,51,92,109,127,138,167,181,201,229],"inefficient":[28],"charging":[29,49,63,227],"mechanisms":[30],"for":[31],"electric":[32],"vehicles":[33],"(EVs)":[34],"in":[35,66,74,111,151,214,231],"vehicular":[37],"network":[39],"(VEN).":[40],"EVs":[41,99,137],"face":[42,100],"two":[43,160],"major":[44],"problems:":[45],"finding":[46],"an":[47,168,186],"optimal":[48],"station":[50],"calculating":[52],"the":[53,61,152,178,193,196,207,221,226],"exact":[54],"amount":[55],"of":[56,96,195,206],"required":[58],"to":[59,79,123,191],"reach":[60],"selected":[62],"station.":[64],"Moreover,":[65,145,185],"traditional":[67],"approaches,":[69],"centralized":[70],"parties":[71],"are":[72],"involved":[73,150],"trading,":[76],"which":[77,155],"leads":[78],"various":[80,101],"issues":[81],"increased":[84,87],"computational":[85,88,183],"cost,":[86],"delay,":[89],"data":[90,158],"tempering":[91],"single":[94],"point":[95],"failure.":[97],"Furthermore,":[98],"challenges,":[103],"imbalanced":[106],"load":[107,125],"supply":[108],"fluctuations":[110],"voltage":[112],"level.":[113],"Therefore,":[114],"demand-response":[116],"(DR)":[117],"pricing":[118],"strategy":[119],"enables":[120],"EV":[121,157],"users":[122],"flatten":[124],"curves":[126],"efficiently":[128,141,224],"adjust":[129],"electricity":[130],"usage.":[131],"work,":[134],"communication":[135],"between":[136],"aggregators":[139],"performed":[142],"through":[143],"blockchain.":[144],"branching":[147,174],"concept":[148],"system,":[154],"divides":[156],"into":[159],"different":[161],"branches:":[162],"Fraud":[164],"Chain":[165,170],"(F-chain)":[166],"Integrity":[169],"(I-chain).":[171],"helps":[176],"solve":[177],"storage":[179],"problem":[180],"reduces":[182,225],"time.":[184],"attacker":[187],"designed":[190],"check":[192],"robustness":[194],"system":[198],"against":[199],"double-spending":[200],"replay":[202],"attacks.":[203],"Security":[204],"analysis":[205],"smart":[209],"contract":[210],"also":[212],"given":[213],"paper.":[216],"Simulation":[217],"results":[218],"show":[219],"that":[220],"work":[223],"cost":[228],"time":[230],"VEN.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
