{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297229101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197260","title":"Modeling and Performance Analysis of Large-Scale Backscatter Communication Networks with Directional Antennas","display_name":"Modeling and Performance Analysis of Large-Scale Backscatter Communication Networks with Directional Antennas","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297229101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197260","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197260","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7260/pdf?version=1664343192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7260/pdf?version=1664343192","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675926","display_name":"Qiu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-495X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025079159","display_name":"Yong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6207-0299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025079159"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2761,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53410666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"19","first_page":"7260","last_page":"7260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.8007639646530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.715035080909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.674793004989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.49419644474983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4823252856731415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.47059547901153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.4662294387817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44869330525398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.41693389415740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41488149762153625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22767001390457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1463167667388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11991342902183533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.8007639646530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.715035080909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.674793004989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.49419644474983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4823252856731415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.47059547901153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.4662294387817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44869330525398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41693389415740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41488149762153625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22767001390457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1463167667388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11991342902183533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197260","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7260/pdf?version=1664343192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36236359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ec30d9394dd4ed3b56dec5004394e72","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ec30d9394dd4ed3b56dec5004394e72","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 19, p 7260 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/19/7260/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 19; Pages: 7260","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9570974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9570974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197260","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7260/pdf?version=1664343192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297229101.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297229101.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W631335369","https://openalex.org/W2031858701","https://openalex.org/W2074011868","https://openalex.org/W2076579100","https://openalex.org/W2085356235","https://openalex.org/W2118166339","https://openalex.org/W2122489958","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2168010420","https://openalex.org/W2177372563","https://openalex.org/W2218982152","https://openalex.org/W2440845537","https://openalex.org/W2578927478","https://openalex.org/W2595612820","https://openalex.org/W2605344455","https://openalex.org/W2775135700","https://openalex.org/W2795958344","https://openalex.org/W2808648732","https://openalex.org/W2883571210","https://openalex.org/W2916096536","https://openalex.org/W2925262016","https://openalex.org/W2962891204","https://openalex.org/W2963271202","https://openalex.org/W2972288261","https://openalex.org/W2973265422","https://openalex.org/W3012398038","https://openalex.org/W3014409385","https://openalex.org/W3014490719","https://openalex.org/W3045941063","https://openalex.org/W3078202496","https://openalex.org/W3098212113","https://openalex.org/W3105557434","https://openalex.org/W3135162621","https://openalex.org/W3135314630","https://openalex.org/W3136928177","https://openalex.org/W3159238803","https://openalex.org/W3180304393","https://openalex.org/W3180641418","https://openalex.org/W3188773872","https://openalex.org/W3195611087","https://openalex.org/W3201114060","https://openalex.org/W4285287152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087159119","https://openalex.org/W3133309669","https://openalex.org/W2589070551","https://openalex.org/W1613226384","https://openalex.org/W4387714700","https://openalex.org/W2969395133","https://openalex.org/W2364986039","https://openalex.org/W2133830785","https://openalex.org/W2094207885","https://openalex.org/W2108341254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Backscatter":[0],"communication":[1],"(BackCom)":[2],"constitutes":[3],"intriguing":[4],"technology":[5],"that":[6,20,121,133],"enables":[7],"low-power":[8,33,43],"devices":[9,34],"in":[10,28,42,68],"transmitting":[11],"signals":[12,19],"by":[13,116,139,160],"reflecting":[14],"ambient":[15],"radio":[16],"frequency":[17],"(RF)":[18],"consume":[21],"ultra-low":[22],"energy.":[23],"Applying":[24],"the":[25,38,61,83,134,149,172],"BackCom":[26,50,70,155],"technique":[27],"large-scale":[29,49,69],"networks":[30,51],"with":[31,53,165],"massive":[32],"can":[35,124,136,157,180],"effectively":[36],"address":[37],"energy":[39],"issue":[40],"observed":[41],"devices.":[44],"Prior":[45],"studies":[46],"only":[47],"consider":[48],"equipped":[52],"omni-directional":[54],"antennas,":[55],"called":[56,72],"Omn-BackCom":[57,106],"Net.":[58,107],"To":[59],"improve":[60,125],"network's":[62],"performance,":[63],"we":[64],"employ":[65],"directional":[66,163],"antennas":[67],"networks,":[71],"Dir-BackCom":[73,86,103,122,186],"Nets.":[74,87,187],"This":[75],"article":[76],"establishes":[77],"a":[78,162,166],"theoretical":[79,112,176],"model":[80,98,113,177],"for":[81,101,184],"analyzing":[82],"performance":[84,89],"of":[85,110,144,154,171],"The":[88,108],"metrics":[90],"include":[91],"both":[92,102,148],"connectivity":[93,126,150],"and":[94,105,127,151,169,178],"spatial":[95,128,152],"throughput.":[96,129],"Our":[97,175],"is":[99,114],"genaralized":[100],"Nets":[104,123,156],"accuracy":[109],"our":[111],"verified":[115],"extensive":[117],"simulations.":[118],"Results":[119],"indicate":[120],"Moreover,":[130],"results":[131,179],"show":[132],"throughput":[135,153],"be":[137,158],"maximized":[138],"choosing":[140,161],"an":[141],"optimal":[142],"density":[143],"BTs.":[145],"In":[146],"addition,":[147],"improved":[159],"antenna":[164],"proper":[167],"beamwidth":[168],"gain":[170],"main":[173],"lobe.":[174],"offer":[181],"beneficial":[182],"implications":[183],"constructing":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}