{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296830115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197168","title":"Measurement-Error Analysis of Fiber Bragg Grating Flexible Sensor for Displacement-Field Monitoring of Geotechnical Engineering","display_name":"Measurement-Error Analysis of Fiber Bragg Grating Flexible Sensor for Displacement-Field Monitoring of Geotechnical Engineering","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296830115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197168","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197168","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7168/pdf?version=1663770542","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7168/pdf?version=1663770542","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084745886","display_name":"Changbin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8720-5401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changbin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8720-5401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016400683","display_name":"Xiangxue Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5348-8474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangxue Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103090480","display_name":"Bo Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-9407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081321329","display_name":"Xin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-9504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390290","display_name":"Zhiyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7478-9196"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Tianrui Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Tianrui Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100390290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.5207,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58892867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"19","first_page":"7168","last_page":"7168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-health-monitoring","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","score":0.5856946110725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-bragg-grating","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","score":0.5755749344825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.5706984400749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.48363053798675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.47688156366348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-error","display_name":"Observational error","score":0.44428926706314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation-monitoring","display_name":"Deformation monitoring","score":0.4341314136981964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.42725133895874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.32168781757354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.2329230010509491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2146991491317749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.5856946110725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.5755749344825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5706984400749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.48363053798675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.47688156366348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.44428926706314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136428324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838414","display_name":"Deformation monitoring","level":3,"score":0.4341314136981964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42725133895874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.32168781757354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.2329230010509491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2146991491317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197168","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7168/pdf?version=1663770542","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36236277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d93e8b58f13406ea49cd5e96665d035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d93e8b58f13406ea49cd5e96665d035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 19, p 7168 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/19/7168/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 19; Pages: 7168","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9573560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9573560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197168","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7168/pdf?version=1663770542","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1657651741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021QF114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4046264191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"X21035Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6249181854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"X21035Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324777","funder_display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6270620084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021QD066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6587250322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021QE240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6997523222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021QF011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324777","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296830115.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296830115.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059482121","https://openalex.org/W2093712556","https://openalex.org/W2468203763","https://openalex.org/W2612667587","https://openalex.org/W2765684353","https://openalex.org/W2787962265","https://openalex.org/W2800804636","https://openalex.org/W2802395960","https://openalex.org/W2808736551","https://openalex.org/W2850844844","https://openalex.org/W2891911945","https://openalex.org/W2893841825","https://openalex.org/W2897084120","https://openalex.org/W2898966129","https://openalex.org/W2905091159","https://openalex.org/W2906076963","https://openalex.org/W2909754185","https://openalex.org/W2963993178","https://openalex.org/W2967242006","https://openalex.org/W2970899060","https://openalex.org/W2981936464","https://openalex.org/W3033005459","https://openalex.org/W3093860802","https://openalex.org/W3112142817","https://openalex.org/W3160541656","https://openalex.org/W4205481087","https://openalex.org/W4206941246","https://openalex.org/W4210519355","https://openalex.org/W4287890633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3216900447","https://openalex.org/W2377366345","https://openalex.org/W2096440838","https://openalex.org/W4400411407","https://openalex.org/W3044821072","https://openalex.org/W2362949416","https://openalex.org/W2388257448","https://openalex.org/W4280502719","https://openalex.org/W3124912398","https://openalex.org/W2268064091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"geotechnical":[1,48],"structures":[2],"and":[3,40,63,74,99,106,142,151,164,176,206,219,235,262],"providing":[4],"real-time":[5],"early":[6],"warning":[7],"is":[8,44,135,186,210],"a":[9,123,188,225],"key":[10],"measure":[11],"to":[12,53,122],"mitigate":[13],"the":[14,35,67,71,77,81,92,96,102,107,111,126,132,148,154,157,161,165,168,171,177,196,199,203,207,213,217,220,238,249,260,265,271,275,279],"impacts":[15],"of":[16,37,66,70,80,110,139,147,153,160,167,202,216,223,228,237,264,274],"disasters":[17],"(slope":[18],"slip,":[19],"subsidence,":[20],"dam":[21],"deformation,":[22],"bridge":[23],"settlement,":[24],"etc.).":[25],"The":[26,57,145,182,233,254],"fiber":[27],"Bragg":[28],"grating":[29],"(FBG)":[30],"flexible":[31,38,58,97,162,252,267,276],"sensor,":[32,43,268],"developed":[33,250],"by":[34,137,243],"combination":[36],"material":[39],"an":[41],"FBG":[42,251,266],"widely":[45],"used":[46],"in":[47,85,119,125],"engineering":[49,82,87],"health":[50],"monitoring":[51],"due":[52],"its":[54],"excellent":[55],"performance.":[56],"sensor":[59,218,277],"can":[60,114,257],"perform":[61],"regional":[62],"quasi-distributed":[64],"measurements":[65],"displacement":[68,103,183],"field":[69],"measured":[72,280],"structure,":[73],"accurately":[75],"reflect":[76],"operating":[78],"state":[79],"structure.":[83,281],"However,":[84],"practical":[86],"applications,":[88],"factors":[89],"such":[90],"as":[91],"strain-transfer":[93,172],"rate":[94,173],"between":[95,198],"substrate":[98],"sensing":[100,112,204],"points,":[101],"reconstruction":[104,184],"algorithm,":[105,190],"arrangement":[108],"interval":[109,201,227],"points":[113,205],"cause":[115],"measurement":[116,208,272],"error,":[117,224],"which,":[118],"turn,":[120],"leads":[121],"decrease":[124],"displacement-measurement":[127],"accuracy.":[128],"In":[129],"this":[130],"paper,":[131],"following":[133],"analysis":[134],"performed":[136],"means":[138],"theoretical":[140],"derivation":[141],"model":[143],"establishment.":[144],"influence":[146],"length,":[149],"width,":[150],"thickness":[152],"cemented":[155],"layer,":[156],"shear":[158],"modulus":[159],"substrate,":[163],"radius":[166],"groove":[169],"on":[170,248],"were":[174,180,241],"analyzed,":[175],"referential":[178],"parameters":[179],"determined.":[181],"algorithm":[185],"essentially":[187],"recursive":[189],"which":[191],"inevitably":[192],"introduces":[193],"cumulative":[194],"error;":[195],"relationship":[197],"layout":[200],"error":[209],"discussed.":[211],"Considering":[212],"fabrication":[214,263],"cost":[215],"allowable":[221],"range":[222],"sensing-point-layout":[226],"100":[229],"mm":[230],"was":[231],"chosen.":[232],"feasibility":[234],"effectiveness":[236],"simulation":[239],"theory":[240],"verified":[242],"carrying":[244],"out":[245],"deformation-sensing":[246],"experiments":[247],"sensor.":[253],"research":[255],"results":[256],"theoretically":[258],"guide":[259],"packaging":[261],"thereby":[269],"improving":[270],"accuracy":[273],"for":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}