{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296745850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197113","title":"GWLBC: Gray Wolf Optimization Based Load Balanced Clustering for Sustainable WSNs in Smart City Environment","display_name":"GWLBC: Gray Wolf Optimization Based Load Balanced Clustering for Sustainable WSNs in Smart City Environment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296745850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197113","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7113/pdf?version=1665284702","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7113/pdf?version=1665284702","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087364850","display_name":"Surjit Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-7729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Surjit Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-7729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037211914","display_name":"Srete Nikolovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-4332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51314090","display_name":"University of Osijek","ror":"https://ror.org/05sw4wc49","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Srete Nikolovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Computing and Information Technology, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-4332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Computing and Information Technology, 31000 Osijek, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089771051","display_name":"Pr\u0105sun Chakrabarti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8062-4144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110116418","display_name":"Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda","ror":"https://ror.org/01bx8ja67","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110116418"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasun Chakrabarti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, ITM SLS Baroda University, Vadodara 395150, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, ITM SLS Baroda University, Vadodara 395150, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110116418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037211914","https://openalex.org/A5087364850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827","https://openalex.org/I51314090"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4245,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82557435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"19","first_page":"7113","last_page":"7113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7739830017089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7099596858024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6483254432678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.619125247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.5717752575874329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5456581115722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5175127983093262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","score":0.5002734661102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4436627924442291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4278929829597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.4189956784248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.41613057255744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39271751046180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37364768981933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31470856070518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12055838108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1120125949382782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.08013558387756348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7739830017089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7099596858024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6483254432678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.619125247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.5717752575874329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5456581115722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5175127983093262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.5002734661102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4436627924442291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4278929829597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4189956784248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.41613057255744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39271751046180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37364768981933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31470856070518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12055838108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1120125949382782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.08013558387756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7113/pdf?version=1665284702","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36236208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f204dc0ac312465685aaf35aa23f2d14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f204dc0ac312465685aaf35aa23f2d14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 19, p 7113 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/19/7113/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 19; Pages: 7113","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9571095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9571095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7113/pdf?version=1665284702","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329994","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296745850.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296745850.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979162120","https://openalex.org/W1986679447","https://openalex.org/W1989345473","https://openalex.org/W1993885071","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2027602073","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2072955302","https://openalex.org/W2083835467","https://openalex.org/W2088087163","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2138373774","https://openalex.org/W2156626839","https://openalex.org/W2168452204","https://openalex.org/W2170239483","https://openalex.org/W2340791093","https://openalex.org/W2364839527","https://openalex.org/W2510448911","https://openalex.org/W2530806083","https://openalex.org/W2600518405","https://openalex.org/W2739837320","https://openalex.org/W2739878666","https://openalex.org/W2742961184","https://openalex.org/W2747994410","https://openalex.org/W2793470258","https://openalex.org/W2855736558","https://openalex.org/W2920003185","https://openalex.org/W2955771982","https://openalex.org/W2964016347","https://openalex.org/W2965415593","https://openalex.org/W2967398769","https://openalex.org/W2978657599","https://openalex.org/W3003133837","https://openalex.org/W3005314781","https://openalex.org/W3015585135","https://openalex.org/W3031834622","https://openalex.org/W3039940949","https://openalex.org/W3085533041","https://openalex.org/W3132338552","https://openalex.org/W4285022923","https://openalex.org/W4299796063","https://openalex.org/W6629610141","https://openalex.org/W6707461644","https://openalex.org/W6760628173","https://openalex.org/W6766206630","https://openalex.org/W6766914130","https://openalex.org/W6773757473","https://openalex.org/W6776249398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2563943286","https://openalex.org/W2966826037","https://openalex.org/W4385190278","https://openalex.org/W2184245033","https://openalex.org/W2944222538","https://openalex.org/W3019402777","https://openalex.org/W2978078020","https://openalex.org/W2070977815","https://openalex.org/W4401797881","https://openalex.org/W3038748417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,24,51,129],"a":[1,43,48,68,130,202],"smart":[2,131,203],"city":[3,132,204],"environment,":[4,133,205],"with":[5,85,179],"increased":[6],"demand":[7],"for":[8,39,47,78,118,197],"energy":[9,83,154],"efficiency,":[10],"information":[11,158],"exchange":[12,159],"and":[13,33,46,81,153,160,165,183,211,224],"communication":[14,41,161],"through":[15],"wireless":[16],"sensor":[17,151],"networks":[18],"(WSNs)":[19],"plays":[20],"an":[21,198,217],"important":[22],"role.":[23],"WSNs,":[25],"the":[26,57,62,71,93,134,142,163,171,174,180,188,192],"sensors":[27,164,210],"are":[28,35,75,195],"usually":[29],"operating":[30,87],"in":[31,113,201,216],"clusters,":[32],"they":[34],"allowed":[36],"to":[37,228],"restructure":[38],"effective":[40],"over":[42],"large":[44],"area":[45,218],"long":[49],"time.":[50],"this":[52,114],"scenario,":[53],"load-balanced":[54,116,139],"clustering":[55,66,117,140],"is":[56,67,121,177],"cost-effective":[58],"means":[59],"of":[60,106,137,191,208,219],"improving":[61],"system":[63],"performance.":[64],"Although":[65],"discrete":[69],"problem,":[70],"computational":[72,96],"intelligence":[73],"techniques":[74],"more":[76,108],"suitable":[77],"load":[79],"balancing":[80],"minimizing":[82],"consumption":[84,155],"different":[86],"constraints.":[88],"The":[89],"literature":[90],"reveals":[91],"that":[92],"swarm":[94],"intelligence-inspired":[95],"approaches":[97,104],"give":[98],"excellent":[99],"results":[100],"among":[101,162],"population-based":[102],"meta-heuristic":[103],"because":[105],"their":[107],"remarkable":[109],"exploration":[110],"ability.":[111],"Conversely,":[112],"work,":[115],"sustainable":[119],"WSNs":[120],"presented":[122],"using":[123],"improved":[124],"gray":[125],"wolf":[126],"optimization":[127],"(IGWO).":[128],"significant":[135],"parameters":[136],"energy-efficient":[138],"involve":[141],"network":[143,200],"lifetime,":[144],"dead":[145,148,150],"cluster":[146,166,213],"heads,":[147],"gateways,":[149],"nodes,":[152],"while":[156],"ensuring":[157],"heads.":[167],"Therefore,":[168],"based":[169],"on":[170],"above":[172],"parameters,":[173],"proposed":[175,193],"IGWO":[176],"compared":[178],"existing":[181],"GWO":[182],"several":[184],"other":[185],"techniques.":[186],"Moreover,":[187],"convergence":[189],"characteristics":[190],"algorithm":[194],"demonstrated":[196],"extensive":[199],"which":[206],"consists":[207],"500":[209,220,222],"50":[212],"heads":[214],"deployed":[215],"\u00d7":[221],"m2,":[223],"it":[225],"was":[226],"found":[227],"be":[229],"significantly":[230],"improved.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}