{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296745549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197102","title":"Optimum Energy Management for Air Conditioners in IoT-Enabled Smart Home","display_name":"Optimum Energy Management for Air Conditioners in IoT-Enabled Smart Home","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296745549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197102","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197102","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7102/pdf?version=1663808902","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7102/pdf?version=1663808902","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033985464","display_name":"Ashleigh Philip","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashleigh Philip","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007829488","display_name":"Shama Naz Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-7960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shama Naz Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-7960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016285799","display_name":"Nicholas Phillips","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0765-849X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Itron Australasia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Itron Australasia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031756670","display_name":"Adnan Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3916-1381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategic Centre for Cyber Security Research and Innovation (CSRI), School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3916-1381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategic Centre for Cyber Security Research and Innovation (CSRI), School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031756670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.6617,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8356816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"19","first_page":"7102","last_page":"7102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.8243079781532288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6446444392204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5478619337081909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5233058929443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-comfort","display_name":"Thermal comfort","score":0.49286365509033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.48317304253578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.44923219084739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4186660349369049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3522886037826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3351005017757416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31111079454421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2164003849029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.14448696374893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.13699781894683838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.8243079781532288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6446444392204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5478619337081909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5233058929443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133913538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774514","display_name":"Thermal comfort","level":2,"score":0.49286365509033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.48317304253578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.44923219084739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4186660349369049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3522886037826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3351005017757416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31111079454421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2164003849029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14448696374893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.13699781894683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197102","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7102/pdf?version=1663808902","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36236199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:57474b1392684a90a7d17fe0598c30d4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/57474b1392684a90a7d17fe0598c30d4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 19, p 7102 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/19/7102/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 19; Pages: 7102","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9571678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9571678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22197102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197102","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7102/pdf?version=1663808902","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296745549.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296745549.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1189151426","https://openalex.org/W2001422417","https://openalex.org/W2025980158","https://openalex.org/W2057111548","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2082291889","https://openalex.org/W2153882250","https://openalex.org/W2188280455","https://openalex.org/W2212825044","https://openalex.org/W2232317135","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2548709683","https://openalex.org/W2576524765","https://openalex.org/W2739874019","https://openalex.org/W2752920549","https://openalex.org/W2787844500","https://openalex.org/W2791379861","https://openalex.org/W2795865340","https://openalex.org/W2796426818","https://openalex.org/W2809765653","https://openalex.org/W2845987516","https://openalex.org/W2886364386","https://openalex.org/W2903070236","https://openalex.org/W2912904224","https://openalex.org/W2944704810","https://openalex.org/W2967361956","https://openalex.org/W2987025554","https://openalex.org/W3006268427","https://openalex.org/W3020924689","https://openalex.org/W3034276025","https://openalex.org/W3038072225","https://openalex.org/W3045578140","https://openalex.org/W3048751480","https://openalex.org/W3096688056","https://openalex.org/W3129518114","https://openalex.org/W3180552863","https://openalex.org/W3182845495","https://openalex.org/W3214281936","https://openalex.org/W4200204220","https://openalex.org/W4211059259","https://openalex.org/W4280619063","https://openalex.org/W4289832145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2299132841","https://openalex.org/W2366782876","https://openalex.org/W2771815161","https://openalex.org/W2970313358","https://openalex.org/W2191849922","https://openalex.org/W2188880028","https://openalex.org/W2764016588","https://openalex.org/W2080118969","https://openalex.org/W3088859544","https://openalex.org/W2005108817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,40,49,61,67,89,98,108,115,121,141,155,160,173,179,184,190,207],"optimal":[4,191],"pre-cooling":[5,157,192,209],"problem":[6],"for":[7,97,130,159],"air":[8,41,72],"conditioners":[9],"(AC)":[10],"used":[11],"in":[12,134,152,165,183],"Internet":[13],"of":[14,39,63,81,104],"Things":[15],"(IoT)-enabled":[16],"smart":[17,185],"homes":[18],"while":[19],"ensuring":[20],"that":[21,114,172],"user-defined":[22],"thermal":[23,180,202],"comfort":[24],"can":[25,118,194],"be":[26],"achieved.":[27],"The":[28,92,168],"proposed":[29,93,142,174],"strategy":[30],"utilises":[31],"renewable":[32,64,101],"energy":[33,65,79,122,198],"generation":[34,102],"periods":[35,46,87],"and":[36,75,100,124],"moves":[37],"some":[38],"conditioning":[42,73],"loads":[43,83],"to":[44,47,70,84,146,154,206],"these":[45,82],"reduce":[48,120],"electricity":[50],"demand.":[51],"In":[52],"particular,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"a":[56,148],"multi-stage":[57],"approach":[58,94,116,143],"which":[59],"maximises":[60],"utilisation":[62],"at":[66,88],"first":[68],"stage":[69],"satisfy":[71],"loads,":[74],"then":[76],"schedules":[77],"residual":[78],"consumption":[80,123],"low":[85],"price":[86],"second":[90],"stage.":[91],"is":[95,112,138],"investigated":[96],"temperature":[99,163],"data":[103],"NSW,":[105],"Australia,":[106],"over":[107],"period":[109],"2012-2013.":[110],"It":[111],"shown":[113],"developed":[117],"significantly":[119],"cost":[125,150],"associated":[126],"with":[127],"AC":[128],"operation":[129],"nearly":[131],"all":[132],"days":[133],"summer":[135],"when":[136,178],"cooling":[137],"required.":[139],"Specifically,":[140],"was":[144],"found":[145],"achieve":[147,196],"24%":[149],"saving":[151],"comparison":[153],"no":[156,208],"case":[158],"highest":[161],"average":[162],"day":[164],"January,":[166],"2013.":[167],"analysis":[169],"also":[170],"demonstrated":[171],"scheme":[175,193],"performed":[176],"better":[177],"insulation":[181,203],"levels":[182],"home":[186],"are":[187],"higher.":[188],"However,":[189],"still":[195],"reduced":[197],"costs":[199],"under":[200],"lower":[201],"conditions":[204],"compared":[205],"case.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}