{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296807519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22187090","title":"Automatic Meter Reading from UAV Inspection Photos in the Substation by Combining YOLOv5s and DeeplabV3+","display_name":"Automatic Meter Reading from UAV Inspection Photos in the Substation by Combining YOLOv5s and DeeplabV3+","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296807519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22187090","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36146437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22187090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22187090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7090/pdf?version=1663827394","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7090/pdf?version=1663827394","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044419657","display_name":"Guanghong Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghong Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou iMapCloud Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou iMapCloud Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510095, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090809703","display_name":"Tongbin Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongbin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou iMapCloud Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou iMapCloud Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510095, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011033592","display_name":"Baihao Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baihao Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou iMapCloud Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou iMapCloud Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510095, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058555246","display_name":"Hongkai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-1092"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongkai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou iMapCloud Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou iMapCloud Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510095, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102940024","display_name":"Rui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9276-8874"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou iMapCloud Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou iMapCloud Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510095, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063344744","display_name":"Wenlong Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-3943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103524","display_name":"Guangdong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9hkj35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147158","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbxt129","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147158"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenlong Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Geographic Spatiotemporal Big Data, Key Laboratory of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-3943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Geographic Spatiotemporal Big Data, Key Laboratory of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103524","https://openalex.org/I4210147158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063344744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103524","https://openalex.org/I4210147158"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.9436,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87432734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"18","first_page":"7090","last_page":"7090"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6766841411590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6540700197219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6297403573989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6222318410873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-meter-reading","display_name":"Automatic meter reading","score":0.4538570046424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metre","display_name":"Metre","score":0.4397360682487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.41086018085479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11306414008140564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6766841411590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6540700197219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6297403573989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6222318410873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93763578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503672","display_name":"Automatic meter reading","level":3,"score":0.4538570046424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151011524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11573","display_name":"Metre","level":2,"score":0.4397360682487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.41086018085479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11306414008140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22187090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22187090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7090/pdf?version=1663827394","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36146437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36146437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf60e89a8c61459c97819c0b1a67b9e3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf60e89a8c61459c97819c0b1a67b9e3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 18, p 7090 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/18/7090/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22187090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 18; Pages: 7090","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9506517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9506517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22187090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22187090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7090/pdf?version=1663827394","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1798004435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022GDASZH-2022010202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335357","funder_display_name":"Guangdong Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6208827814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021B1212100006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335357","display_name":"Guangdong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9hkj35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296807519.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296807519.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2144506857","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2328256066","https://openalex.org/W2368941965","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2766144630","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2994236841","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3084937364","https://openalex.org/W3093688720","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3119202683","https://openalex.org/W3175515048","https://openalex.org/W3184718271","https://openalex.org/W4200266411","https://openalex.org/W4206638364","https://openalex.org/W4281694924","https://openalex.org/W4289861301","https://openalex.org/W6620707391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119631215","https://openalex.org/W2389928019","https://openalex.org/W2388296230","https://openalex.org/W2232151345","https://openalex.org/W2367871087","https://openalex.org/W1001835502","https://openalex.org/W2006075620","https://openalex.org/W2093091495","https://openalex.org/W2169217169","https://openalex.org/W2374573638"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,87,170,224,253],"combination":[1,39],"of":[2,27,40,55,90,114,127,179,182,211,237,248,268],"unmanned":[3],"aerial":[4],"vehicles":[5],"(UAVs)":[6],"and":[7,12,22,44,68,77,101,117,133,139,203,221,242,266],"artificial":[8],"intelligence":[9],"is":[10,13,25],"significant":[11],"a":[14,34,155],"key":[15],"topic":[16],"in":[17,189,259,273],"recent":[18],"substation":[19,269],"inspection":[20],"applications;":[21],"meter":[23,50,65,70,160,249,270],"reading":[24,126,271],"one":[26],"the":[28,38,53,64,69,75,83,91,98,102,108,111,124,128,130,141,150,166,175,183,196,205,212,232,235,246,257,264],"challenging":[29],"tasks.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32,261],"proposes":[33],"method":[35,145,188,258],"based":[36],"on":[37,107,245],"YOLOv5s":[41,59,184],"object":[42],"detection":[43,198,241,272],"Deeplabv3+":[45,92],"image":[46,84,213],"segmentation":[47,85,214,226,243],"to":[48,62,82,148],"obtain":[49],"readings":[51,161,250],"through":[52],"post-processing":[54],"segmented":[56],"images.":[57],"Firstly,":[58],"was":[60,71,94,105,119,146],"introduced":[61],"detect":[63],"dial":[66,152],"area":[67,135,153,167],"classified.":[72],"Following":[73],"this,":[74],"detected":[76],"classified":[78],"images":[79],"were":[80,136,162,251],"passed":[81],"algorithm.":[86],"backbone":[88],"network":[89],"algorithm":[93],"improved":[95,263],"by":[96,164],"using":[97],"MobileNetv2":[99],"network,":[100],"model":[103,185,215],"size":[104],"reduced":[106],"premise":[109],"that":[110,174,195,204,256],"effective":[112],"extraction":[113],"tick":[115],"marks":[116],"pointers":[118],"ensured.":[120],"To":[121],"account":[122],"for":[123],"inaccurate":[125],"meter,":[129],"divided":[131],"pointer":[132],"scale":[134,168],"corroded":[137],"first,":[138],"then":[140],"concentric":[142],"circle":[143],"sampling":[144],"used":[147,240],"flatten":[149],"circular":[151],"into":[154],"rectangular":[156],"area.":[157],"Several":[158],"analog":[159],"calculated":[163],"flattening":[165],"distance.":[169],"experimental":[171],"results":[172,254],"show":[173,255],"mean":[176,206],"average":[177],"precision":[178],"50":[180],"(mAP50)":[181],"with":[186],"this":[187,190,260],"data":[191],"set":[192],"reached":[193,200,216,228],"99.58%,":[194],"single":[197,225],"speed":[199,227],"22.2":[201],"ms,":[202],"intersection":[207],"over":[208],"union":[209],"(mIoU)":[210],"78.92%,":[217],"76.15%,":[218],"79.12%,":[219],"81.17%,":[220],"75.73%,":[222],"respectively.":[223],"35.1":[229],"ms.":[230],"At":[231],"same":[233],"time,":[234],"effects":[236],"various":[238],"commonly":[239],"algorithms":[244],"recognition":[247],"compared.":[252],"significantly":[262],"accuracy":[265],"practicability":[267],"complex":[274],"situations.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}