{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296807164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22187083","title":"Joint Estimation for Time Delay and Direction of Arrival in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface with OFDM","display_name":"Joint Estimation for Time Delay and Direction of Arrival in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface with OFDM","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296807164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22187083","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36146433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22187083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22187083","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7083/pdf?version=1663585481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7083/pdf?version=1663585481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070948023","display_name":"Jinzhi Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-3432"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinzhi Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079372909","display_name":"Weijia Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4738-9167"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijia Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035557497","display_name":"Bin Ba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7302-2994"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Ba","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076877251","display_name":"Chunxiao Jian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunxiao Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101768116","display_name":"Liye Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-2374"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liye Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070948023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.4466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58746758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"18","first_page":"7083","last_page":"7083"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.7146562337875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6278783679008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5893517732620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.5697345733642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.5418655872344971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar-array","display_name":"Planar array","score":0.5348070859909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5003848075866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4213053584098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4104588031768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4081173539161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3752952218055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2047404944896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1768539547920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.07992085814476013}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7146562337875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6278783679008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5893517732620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.5697345733642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.5418655872344971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Planar array","level":2,"score":0.5348070859909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5003848075866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4213053584098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4104588031768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4081173539161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3752952218055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2047404944896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1768539547920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.07992085814476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22187083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22187083","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7083/pdf?version=1663585481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36146433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36146433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:134591b69a814d3994199da60d8c8ed1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/134591b69a814d3994199da60d8c8ed1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 18, p 7083 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/18/7083/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22187083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 18; Pages: 7083","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9505923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9505923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22187083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22187083","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7083/pdf?version=1663585481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G715462637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171468","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296807164.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296807164.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985249184","https://openalex.org/W2012430241","https://openalex.org/W2024165284","https://openalex.org/W2051742259","https://openalex.org/W2070221332","https://openalex.org/W2115309662","https://openalex.org/W2117451840","https://openalex.org/W2149755721","https://openalex.org/W2165292063","https://openalex.org/W2383629117","https://openalex.org/W2470095026","https://openalex.org/W2832604869","https://openalex.org/W2896507689","https://openalex.org/W2913381933","https://openalex.org/W3004060481","https://openalex.org/W3007988615","https://openalex.org/W3037038481","https://openalex.org/W3038076970","https://openalex.org/W3088007697","https://openalex.org/W3099604179","https://openalex.org/W3107432146","https://openalex.org/W3113762864","https://openalex.org/W3136993430","https://openalex.org/W3198279229","https://openalex.org/W3203185082","https://openalex.org/W3210453160","https://openalex.org/W3211967628","https://openalex.org/W4243715107","https://openalex.org/W4286503791"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086259514","https://openalex.org/W2384225481","https://openalex.org/W2801687921","https://openalex.org/W4377294627","https://openalex.org/W2132370204","https://openalex.org/W2888890149","https://openalex.org/W2372955329","https://openalex.org/W2786753624","https://openalex.org/W3016310424","https://openalex.org/W2048250263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"the":[1,16,25,60,65,70,74,79,88,102,138,147,152,157],"joint":[2,37],"estimation":[3,38],"for":[4,117,126,156],"time":[5],"delay":[6],"(TD)":[7],"and":[8,24,46,107,120,154,163,167],"direction":[9],"of":[10,19,27,52,64,73,105,140],"arrival":[11],"(DOA)":[12],"has":[13],"suffered":[14],"from":[15],"high":[17],"complexity":[18],"processing":[20],"multi-dimensional":[21],"signal":[22,76,103],"models":[23],"ineffectiveness":[26],"correlated/coherent":[28],"signals.":[29],"In":[30],"order":[31],"to":[32,77,100,130],"improve":[33],"this":[34,133],"situation,":[35],"a":[36,47,112,121],"method":[39],"using":[40],"orthogonal":[41],"frequency":[42,82,91],"division":[43],"multiplexing":[44],"(OFDM)":[45],"uniform":[48],"planar":[49],"array":[50],"composed":[51],"reconfigurable":[53],"intelligent":[54],"surface":[55],"(RIS)":[56],"is":[57,67,95],"proposed.":[58],"First,":[59],"time-domain":[61],"coding":[62],"function":[63],"RIS":[66],"combined":[68],"with":[69],"multi-carrier":[71],"characteristic":[72],"OFDM":[75],"construct":[78],"coded":[80,89],"channel":[81,90],"response":[83,92],"in":[84,160],"tensor":[85],"form.":[86],"Then,":[87],"covariance":[93],"matrix":[94],"decomposed":[96],"by":[97],"CANDECOMP/PARAFAC":[98],"(CPD)":[99],"separate":[101],"subspaces":[104],"TD":[106,118],"DOA.":[108],"Finally,":[109],"we":[110],"perform":[111],"one-dimensional":[113],"(1D)":[114],"spectral":[115,124],"search":[116,125],"values":[119],"two-dimensional":[122],"(2D)":[123],"DOA":[127],"values.":[128],"Compared":[129],"previous":[131],"efforts,":[132],"algorithm":[134,159],"not":[135],"only":[136],"enhances":[137],"adaptability":[139],"coherent":[141],"signals,":[142],"but":[143],"also":[144],"greatly":[145],"decreases":[146],"complexity.":[148],"Simulation":[149],"results":[150],"indicate":[151],"robustness":[153],"effectiveness":[155],"proposed":[158],"independent,":[161],"coherent,":[162],"mixed":[164],"multipath":[165],"environments":[166],"low":[168],"signal-to-noise":[169],"ratio":[170],"(SNR)":[171],"conditions.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
