{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296005783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186905","title":"Towards Robustifying Image Classifiers against the Perils of Adversarial Attacks on Artificial Intelligence Systems","display_name":"Towards Robustifying Image Classifiers against the Perils of Adversarial Attacks on Artificial Intelligence Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296005783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186905","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36146258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22186905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186905","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6905/pdf?version=1663068655","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6905/pdf?version=1663068655","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019541472","display_name":"Theodora Anastasiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9766-9338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162980","display_name":"Ubitech (Greece)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dvp4993","country_code":"GR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162980"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodora Anastasiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["UBITECH Ltd., Thessalias 8 and Etolias 10, GR-15231 Chalandri, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9766-9338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UBITECH Ltd., Thessalias 8 and Etolias 10, GR-15231 Chalandri, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162980"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072001501","display_name":"\u03a3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1099-8463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162980","display_name":"Ubitech (Greece)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dvp4993","country_code":"GR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162980"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophia Karagiorgou","raw_affiliation_strings":["UBITECH Ltd., Thessalias 8 and Etolias 10, GR-15231 Chalandri, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1099-8463","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UBITECH Ltd., Thessalias 8 and Etolias 10, GR-15231 Chalandri, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162980"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037015545","display_name":"Petros Petrou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7358-1251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162980","display_name":"Ubitech (Greece)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dvp4993","country_code":"GR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162980"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petros Petrou","raw_affiliation_strings":["UBITECH Ltd., Thessalias 8 and Etolias 10, GR-15231 Chalandri, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UBITECH Ltd., Thessalias 8 and Etolias 10, GR-15231 Chalandri, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162980"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007109698","display_name":"Dimitrios Papamartzivanos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-5415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162980","display_name":"Ubitech (Greece)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dvp4993","country_code":"GR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162980"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Papamartzivanos","raw_affiliation_strings":["UBITECH Ltd., Thessalias 8 and Etolias 10, GR-15231 Chalandri, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-5415","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UBITECH Ltd., Thessalias 8 and Etolias 10, GR-15231 Chalandri, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162980"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070813911","display_name":"Thanassis Giannetsos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-2263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162980","display_name":"Ubitech (Greece)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dvp4993","country_code":"GR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162980"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thanassis Giannetsos","raw_affiliation_strings":["UBITECH Ltd., Thessalias 8 and Etolias 10, GR-15231 Chalandri, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-2263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UBITECH Ltd., Thessalias 8 and Etolias 10, GR-15231 Chalandri, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162980"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076140642","display_name":"Georgia Tsirigotaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgia Tsirigotaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hellenic Army Information Technology Support Center, 227-231, Mesogeion Ave., GR-15451 Holargos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hellenic Army Information Technology Support Center, 227-231, Mesogeion Ave., GR-15451 Holargos, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032616037","display_name":"Jelle Keizer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122849","display_name":"Philips (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2bgp27","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jelle Keizer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips, Oliemolenstraat 5, 9203 ZN Drachten, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips, Oliemolenstraat 5, 9203 ZN Drachten, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070813911"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162980"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.8034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87356602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"18","first_page":"6905","last_page":"6905"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7390740513801575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7155458927154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.6856848001480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5893660187721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5862149596214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5817221999168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.533386766910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4749710261821747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.474647581577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.44469451904296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.428425133228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-machine-learning","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","score":0.4261956512928009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiclass-classification","display_name":"Multiclass classification","score":0.419075071811676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2495763897895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.08461827039718628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7390740513801575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7155458927154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.6856848001480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5893660187721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5862149596214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5817221999168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.533386766910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4749710261821747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.474647581577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.44469451904296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.428425133228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778403875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20312394","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","level":3,"score":0.4261956512928009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.419075071811676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2495763897895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.08461827039718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22186905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186905","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6905/pdf?version=1663068655","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36146258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36146258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ef93e96a5804c1d9161521e5b33824f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ef93e96a5804c1d9161521e5b33824f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 18, p 6905 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/18/6905/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 18; Pages: 6905","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9506202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9506202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22186905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186905","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6905/pdf?version=1663068655","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6519636898","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"956573","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G95595065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"957296","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296005783.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2599837009","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2924551358","https://openalex.org/W2962700793","https://openalex.org/W2965198951","https://openalex.org/W3019963807","https://openalex.org/W3021182036","https://openalex.org/W3034214559","https://openalex.org/W3035751626","https://openalex.org/W3047114014","https://openalex.org/W3101090203","https://openalex.org/W3128172745","https://openalex.org/W3137573682","https://openalex.org/W3181729429","https://openalex.org/W3196320736","https://openalex.org/W3196695882","https://openalex.org/W3199096328","https://openalex.org/W3201945677","https://openalex.org/W3204242033","https://openalex.org/W3211999566","https://openalex.org/W4205335634","https://openalex.org/W4210511805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2995777218","https://openalex.org/W3048732067","https://openalex.org/W4383468834","https://openalex.org/W4283221438","https://openalex.org/W2900159906","https://openalex.org/W4384648009","https://openalex.org/W4287828318","https://openalex.org/W2406556600","https://openalex.org/W4380352238","https://openalex.org/W3126470649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adversarial":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2],"(AML)":[3],"is":[4,209],"a":[5,111,162,181,215],"class":[6],"of":[7,17,77,104,119,133,144,149,161,214],"data":[8],"manipulation":[9],"techniques":[10],"that":[11],"cause":[12,30],"alterations":[13,28],"in":[14,83,136,180,192,211],"the":[15,74,102,105,108,115,129,137,142,147,154,159,185,189,197,203,212,223],"behavior":[16],"artificial":[18],"intelligence":[19],"(AI)":[20],"systems":[21],"while":[22],"going":[23],"unnoticed":[24],"by":[25,63],"humans.":[26],"These":[27],"can":[29,60],"serious":[31],"vulnerabilities":[32],"to":[33,50,88,152,165,195],"mission-critical":[34],"AI-enabled":[35],"applications.":[36],"This":[37,59],"work":[38],"introduces":[39],"an":[40,193],"AI":[41,57,125],"architecture":[42,100,126,208],"augmented":[43],"with":[44],"adversarial":[45,120,134],"examples":[46,135],"and":[47,53,70,91,95,110,117,121,131,157,167,171,188,201],"defense":[48,122,150,186],"algorithms":[49,151,187],"safeguard,":[51],"secure,":[52],"make":[54],"more":[55],"reliable":[56],"systems.":[58],"be":[61],"conducted":[62],"robustifying":[64],"deep":[65],"neural":[66,79],"network":[67],"(DNN)":[68],"classifiers":[69],"explicitly":[71],"focusing":[72],"on":[73,114,169],"specific":[75],"case":[76],"convolutional":[78],"networks":[80],"(CNNs)":[81],"used":[82],"non-trivial":[84],"manufacturing":[85,217],"environments":[86],"prone":[87],"noise,":[89],"vibrations,":[90],"errors":[92],"when":[93],"capturing":[94],"transferring":[96],"data.":[97,173],"The":[98,124,174,206],"proposed":[99,207],"enables":[101,127],"imitation":[103],"interplay":[106],"between":[107],"attacker":[109],"defender":[112],"based":[113],"deployment":[116],"cross-evaluation":[118],"strategies.":[123],"(i)":[128],"creation":[130],"usage":[132],"training":[138],"process,":[139],"which":[140],"robustify":[141,202],"accuracy":[143],"CNNs,":[145],"(ii)":[146],"evaluation":[148],"recover":[153],"classifiers\u2019":[155],"accuracy,":[156],"(iii)":[158],"provision":[160],"multiclass":[163,190],"discriminator":[164,191],"distinguish":[166],"report":[168],"non-attacked":[170],"attacked":[172,198],"experimental":[175],"results":[176,179],"show":[177],"promising":[178],"hybrid":[182],"solution":[183],"combining":[184],"effort":[194],"revitalize":[196],"base":[199],"models":[200],"DNN":[204],"classifiers.":[205],"ratified":[210],"context":[213],"real":[216],"environment":[218],"utilizing":[219],"datasets":[220],"stemming":[221],"from":[222],"actual":[224],"production":[225],"lines.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}