{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295215087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186818","title":"Polyphonic Sound Event Detection Using Temporal-Frequency Attention and Feature Space Attention","display_name":"Polyphonic Sound Event Detection Using Temporal-Frequency Attention and Feature Space Attention","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295215087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186818","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36146166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22186818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186818","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6818/pdf?version=1662705558","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6818/pdf?version=1662705558","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013877360","display_name":"Ye Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Guilin 541006, China","School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043773845","display_name":"Mei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3287-0046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Guilin 541006, China","School of Information Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035008919","display_name":"Liyan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liyan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Guilin 541006, China","School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069680900","display_name":"Dinghao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3011-4526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinghao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Guilin 541006, China","School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061690729","display_name":"Zhanqi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2738-8087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Guilin 541006, China","School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035008919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I5343935"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.1909,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77871664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"18","first_page":"6818","last_page":"6818"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyphony","display_name":"Polyphony","score":0.7383482456207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.7330821752548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7159675359725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6356126070022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.6287364959716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5233537554740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4908903241157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4748055040836334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45147907733917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44380852580070496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.41807126998901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.22615864872932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.0780673623085022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128979739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179465","display_name":"Polyphony","level":2,"score":0.7383482456207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.7330821752548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7159675359725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6356126070022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.6287364959716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5233537554740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4908903241157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4748055040836334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45147907733917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44380852580070496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.41807126998901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.22615864872932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0780673623085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006309","descriptor_name":"Hearing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006309","descriptor_name":"Hearing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006309","descriptor_name":"Hearing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22186818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186818","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6818/pdf?version=1662705558","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36146166","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36146166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf7c6aa59d1348e5a76d346ecef87ad0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf7c6aa59d1348e5a76d346ecef87ad0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 18, p 6818 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/18/6818/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 18; Pages: 6818","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9503981","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9503981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22186818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186818","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6818/pdf?version=1662705558","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295215087.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295215087.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1929391603","https://openalex.org/W2114777924","https://openalex.org/W2144414181","https://openalex.org/W2164935924","https://openalex.org/W2168441989","https://openalex.org/W2292996718","https://openalex.org/W2341412280","https://openalex.org/W2408239454","https://openalex.org/W2470673105","https://openalex.org/W2509065397","https://openalex.org/W2510931882","https://openalex.org/W2566935005","https://openalex.org/W2591013610","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2768083292","https://openalex.org/W2883135409","https://openalex.org/W2955179149","https://openalex.org/W2962824709","https://openalex.org/W2963158330","https://openalex.org/W2963495494","https://openalex.org/W2972425456","https://openalex.org/W2972922917","https://openalex.org/W2985454151","https://openalex.org/W3006275583","https://openalex.org/W3015199127","https://openalex.org/W3015683396","https://openalex.org/W3016059657","https://openalex.org/W3043183554","https://openalex.org/W3083566224","https://openalex.org/W3098357269","https://openalex.org/W3099026523","https://openalex.org/W3112006785","https://openalex.org/W3160333138","https://openalex.org/W3161935490","https://openalex.org/W3169030202","https://openalex.org/W3192834253","https://openalex.org/W3208915815","https://openalex.org/W3209152703","https://openalex.org/W3215619467","https://openalex.org/W4200337780","https://openalex.org/W4206628220","https://openalex.org/W4213209776","https://openalex.org/W6623517193","https://openalex.org/W6799564061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2411659965","https://openalex.org/W2387677326","https://openalex.org/W4200063482","https://openalex.org/W2357575019","https://openalex.org/W2370117122","https://openalex.org/W2530685530","https://openalex.org/W2360603947","https://openalex.org/W4375868962","https://openalex.org/W2371528275","https://openalex.org/W2375454309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,73,124,137,180,228],"complexity":[1],"of":[2,34,135,143,202],"polyphonic":[3,15,36,108,150,241],"sounds":[4],"imposes":[5],"numerous":[6],"challenges":[7],"on":[8,60,161,184],"their":[9],"classification.":[10],"Especially":[11],"in":[12,43,149,215,240],"real":[13],"life,":[14],"sound":[16,37,109],"events":[17,110],"have":[18],"discontinuity":[19],"and":[20,39,66,79,99,169,190,208,224,237],"unstable":[21],"time-frequency":[22],"variations.":[23],"Traditional":[24],"single":[25],"acoustic":[26],"features":[27,121,144],"cannot":[28],"characterize":[29],"the":[30,35,61,86,89,96,100,113,118,141,157,174,185,191,200,203,218],"key":[31,146,166],"feature":[32,67,81,147,171],"information":[33,148],"event,":[38],"this":[40,49],"deficiency":[41],"results":[42,197],"poor":[44],"model":[45,58,75,139,158,205,231],"classification":[46,235],"performance.":[47],"In":[48,107],"paper,":[50],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"a":[53],"convolutional":[54,90],"recurrent":[55,91,103],"neural":[56,92],"network":[57,93],"based":[59],"temporal-frequency":[62,120],"(TF)":[63],"attention":[64,70,155],"mechanism":[65,71],"space":[68],"(FS)":[69],"(TFFS-CRNN).":[72],"TFFS-CRNN":[74,138,204,230],"aggregates":[76],"Log-Mel":[77],"spectrograms":[78],"MFCCs":[80],"as":[82,226],"inputs,":[83],"which":[84],"contains":[85],"TF-attention":[87,114],"module,":[88,95],"(CRNN)":[94],"FS-attention":[97,125],"module":[98,115,126,176],"bidirectional":[101],"gated":[102],"unit":[104],"(BGRU)":[105],"module.":[106],"detection":[111],"(SED),":[112],"can":[116,159],"capture":[117],"critical":[119],"more":[122],"capably.":[123],"assigns":[127],"different":[128,133],"dynamically":[129],"learnable":[130],"weights":[131],"to":[132],"dimensions":[134],"features.":[136],"improves":[140],"characterization":[142],"for":[145],"SED.":[151,242],"By":[152],"using":[153],"two":[154],"modules,":[156],"focus":[160],"semantically":[162],"relevant":[163],"time":[164],"frames,":[165],"frequency":[167],"bands,":[168],"important":[170],"spaces.":[172],"Finally,":[173],"BGRU":[175],"learns":[177],"contextual":[178],"information.":[179],"experiments":[181],"were":[182],"conducted":[183],"DCASE":[186,192,216],"2016":[187],"Task3":[188,194],"dataset":[189],"2017":[193],"dataset.":[195],"Experimental":[196],"show":[198],"that":[199],"F1-score":[201],"improved":[206],"12.4%":[207],"25.2%":[209],"compared":[210],"with":[211],"winning":[212],"system":[213],"models":[214],"challenge;":[217],"ER":[219,239],"is":[220],"reduced":[221],"by":[222],"0.41":[223],"0.37":[225],"well.":[227],"proposed":[229],"algorithm":[232],"has":[233],"better":[234],"performance":[236],"lower":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
