{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294952288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186733","title":"Low-Cost, Open-Source, Emoncms-Based SCADA System for a Large Grid-Connected PV System","display_name":"Low-Cost, Open-Source, Emoncms-Based SCADA System for a Large Grid-Connected PV System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294952288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186733","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36146086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22186733","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186733","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6733/pdf?version=1662605157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6733/pdf?version=1662605157","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038496861","display_name":"Luqman Ahsan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luqman Ahsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. Johns, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. Johns, NL A1C 5S7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039441259","display_name":"Mirza Jabbar Aziz Baig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5855-2700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirza Jabbar Aziz Baig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. Johns, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5855-2700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. Johns, NL A1C 5S7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078543602","display_name":"M. Tariq Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-4811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohmmad Tariq Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. Johns, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-4811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. Johns, NL A1C 5S7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078543602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2513},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2513},"fwci":1.5717,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82321793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"18","first_page":"6733","last_page":"6733"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13344","display_name":"Industrial Automation and Control Systems","score":0.953499972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.8565441966056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arduino","display_name":"Arduino","score":0.6982277631759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dashboard","display_name":"Dashboard","score":0.6653457880020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6321133971214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/json","display_name":"JSON","score":0.6276262998580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-hardware","display_name":"Open source hardware","score":0.6168039441108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-logger","display_name":"Data logger","score":0.588883101940155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5808157920837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.5070252418518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modbus","display_name":"Modbus","score":0.5066128969192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4867441654205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.47807765007019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.46391621232032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-acquisition","display_name":"Data acquisition","score":0.44671157002449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.41217219829559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.39489853382110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35787737369537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32460451126098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15234550833702087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.8565441966056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136501162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175957","display_name":"Arduino","level":2,"score":0.6982277631759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33499554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417134","display_name":"Dashboard","level":2,"score":0.6653457880020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6321133971214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780416260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063","display_name":"JSON","level":2,"score":0.6276262998580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548595372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159172","display_name":"Open source hardware","level":4,"score":0.6168039441108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159234332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172468","display_name":"Data logger","level":2,"score":0.588883101940155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5808157920837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5070252418518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776666747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135322","display_name":"Modbus","level":3,"score":0.5066128969192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4867441654205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.47807765007019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.46391621232032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.44671157002449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.41217219829559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.39489853382110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35787737369537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32460451126098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15234550833702087}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22186733","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186733","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6733/pdf?version=1662605157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36146086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36146086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9503337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9503337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:acac3f9ad9564d43a144ca14d953f669","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/acac3f9ad9564d43a144ca14d953f669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 18, p 6733 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22186733","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186733","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6733/pdf?version=1662605157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294952288.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093011266","https://openalex.org/W2188964400","https://openalex.org/W2995322313","https://openalex.org/W3018058270","https://openalex.org/W3082437751","https://openalex.org/W3092326279","https://openalex.org/W3122270384","https://openalex.org/W3179120786","https://openalex.org/W3199833768","https://openalex.org/W4200513501","https://openalex.org/W4206213829","https://openalex.org/W4210642819","https://openalex.org/W4220945914","https://openalex.org/W4238672956","https://openalex.org/W4283688616","https://openalex.org/W4285165370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2753132265","https://openalex.org/W4234766820","https://openalex.org/W4321232174","https://openalex.org/W3015293401","https://openalex.org/W3117520771","https://openalex.org/W2394363056","https://openalex.org/W2362216025","https://openalex.org/W4381686821","https://openalex.org/W3010436097","https://openalex.org/W4280500080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,85],"article":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,13,39,51,192,201],"low-cost":[4,52],"Supervisory":[5],"Control":[6],"and":[7,35,53,58,79,90,93,130,155],"Data":[8,169],"Acquisition":[9],"(SCADA)":[10],"system":[11],"for":[12,38,67,173],"PV":[14,92,114],"plant":[15],"with":[16],"local":[17],"data":[18,117,126,137,143,154,167,182,195],"logging.":[19],"Typically,":[20],"SCADA":[21,69],"systems":[22],"that":[23,181],"are":[24,29,33],"available":[25],"on":[26,98,159,200],"the":[27,62,99,119,128,131,135,177,194],"market":[28],"proprietary":[30],"(commercial),":[31],"which":[32,152],"expensive":[34],"individually":[36],"configured":[37],"particular":[40],"site.":[41],"The":[42,64,162],"main":[43,150],"objective":[44],"of":[45,71],"this":[46,68],"paper":[47],"is":[48],"to":[49,60,107,118,127,191],"design":[50],"open-source":[54,81,86],"monitoring":[55],"solution":[56],"(hardware":[57],"software)":[59],"meet":[61],"requirements.":[63],"hardware":[65],"used":[66,146],"consisted":[70],"Arduino,":[72],"Raspberry":[73,132,163],"Pi,":[74],"sensors,":[75],"serial":[76],"communication":[77],"cables,":[78],"an":[80,122,189],"web":[82],"view":[83],"platform.":[84],"platform":[87],"manipulates,":[88],"logs,":[89],"visualizes":[91],"environmental":[94],"data.":[95],"Emoncms":[96,145],"runs":[97],"Debian":[100],"operating":[101],"system.":[102],"Field":[103],"instruments":[104],"were":[105],"connected":[106],"two":[108],"remote":[109],"terminal":[110],"units":[111],"(RTUs).":[112],"A":[113],"array":[115],"provided":[116,125],"RTU1,":[120],"while":[121],"inverter":[123],"output":[124],"RTU2,":[129],"Pi":[133,164],"received":[134],"collected":[136],"in":[138],"JSON":[139],"format.":[140],"As":[141],"these":[142],"arrived,":[144],"Emonhub":[147],"as":[148],"its":[149],"module,":[151],"refines":[153],"then":[156],"displays":[157],"it":[158],"Emoncms's":[160],"WebView.":[161],"also":[165],"stores":[166],"locally.":[168],"logging":[170,183],"was":[171],"tested":[172],"6":[174],"h,":[175],"but":[176],"final":[178],"results":[179],"showed":[180],"can":[184,197],"last":[185],"much":[186],"longer.":[187],"From":[188],"hour":[190],"year,":[193],"trend":[196],"be":[198],"viewed":[199],"user-friendly":[202],"dashboard.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}