{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295084895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176704","title":"Research on a Defecation Pre-Warning Algorithm for the Disabled Elderly Based on a Semi-Supervised Generative Adversarial Network","display_name":"Research on a Defecation Pre-Warning Algorithm for the Disabled Elderly Based on a Semi-Supervised Generative Adversarial Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295084895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176704","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36081167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176704","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6704/pdf?version=1662383293","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6704/pdf?version=1662383293","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080286938","display_name":"Yanbiao Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-6774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanbiao Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-6774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103274889","display_name":"Shenghong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5325-0252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenghong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082135328","display_name":"Tie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9716-3970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9716-3970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101778008","display_name":"Yuanhang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7062-3532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanhang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080286938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.8165,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72583372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"17","first_page":"6704","last_page":"6704"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11692","display_name":"Noise Effects and Management","score":0.9523000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defecation","display_name":"Defecation","score":0.8795570731163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstructed-defecation","display_name":"Obstructed defecation","score":0.5210080146789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5002789497375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.475595086812973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elderly-people","display_name":"Elderly people","score":0.4466361403465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39838677644729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3864861726760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3649108409881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.355709969997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.35086655616760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gerontology","display_name":"Gerontology","score":0.24420756101608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.157173752784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.09775084257125854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108797546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204015","display_name":"Defecation","level":2,"score":0.8795570731163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780590118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1269235","display_name":"Obstructed defecation","level":3,"score":0.5210080146789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5002789497375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.475595086812973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018697994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191089","display_name":"Elderly people","level":2,"score":0.4466361403465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39838677644729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3864861726760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3649108409881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.355709969997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.35086655616760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.24420756101608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.157173752784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.09775084257125854}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003672","descriptor_name":"Defecation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003672","descriptor_name":"Defecation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003672","descriptor_name":"Defecation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Persons with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Persons with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Disabled Persons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176704","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6704/pdf?version=1662383293","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36081167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36081167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b2330b690d8428cbfbca90a19200caa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b2330b690d8428cbfbca90a19200caa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 17, p 6704 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/17/6704/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 17; Pages: 6704","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9460215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9460215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176704","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6704/pdf?version=1662383293","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7441404162","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFC2007600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335960","funder_display_name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335960","display_name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295084895.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295084895.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195668699","https://openalex.org/W1571765912","https://openalex.org/W1804809223","https://openalex.org/W1990771611","https://openalex.org/W1997393178","https://openalex.org/W2000224750","https://openalex.org/W2006854653","https://openalex.org/W2011884439","https://openalex.org/W2032189458","https://openalex.org/W2046814781","https://openalex.org/W2048622013","https://openalex.org/W2056453129","https://openalex.org/W2085171379","https://openalex.org/W2088838777","https://openalex.org/W2163357879","https://openalex.org/W2166150158","https://openalex.org/W2167805677","https://openalex.org/W2172141041","https://openalex.org/W2201944233","https://openalex.org/W2333206999","https://openalex.org/W2417343235","https://openalex.org/W2418515045","https://openalex.org/W2472719954","https://openalex.org/W2477866398","https://openalex.org/W2505225319","https://openalex.org/W2770429219","https://openalex.org/W2891649471","https://openalex.org/W2896168472","https://openalex.org/W2902141028","https://openalex.org/W2964622437","https://openalex.org/W2971871935","https://openalex.org/W2990851485","https://openalex.org/W3043970225","https://openalex.org/W3081976092","https://openalex.org/W3082704281","https://openalex.org/W3089183752","https://openalex.org/W3104038788","https://openalex.org/W3128884113","https://openalex.org/W3129701133","https://openalex.org/W3148994977","https://openalex.org/W3189200584","https://openalex.org/W3210036907","https://openalex.org/W3213330948","https://openalex.org/W4200211396","https://openalex.org/W4298289240","https://openalex.org/W6636387009","https://openalex.org/W6637568146","https://openalex.org/W6718379498","https://openalex.org/W6780584984"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4236972561","https://openalex.org/W4243515519","https://openalex.org/W4240464856","https://openalex.org/W2121244597","https://openalex.org/W1597000482","https://openalex.org/W2025282597","https://openalex.org/W1973848924","https://openalex.org/W4390104141","https://openalex.org/W1964796535","https://openalex.org/W2132693761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111],"elderly":[1,18,30],"population":[2,74],"in":[3],"China":[4],"is":[5,23,48,65],"continuously":[6],"increasing,":[7],"and":[8,40,51,60,75,86,91,129],"the":[9,17,44,56,69,73,116,130],"disabled":[10,29],"account":[11],"for":[12,26,42],"a":[13,81,87,95],"large":[14],"proportion":[15],"of":[16,72],"population.":[19],"An":[20],"effective":[21],"solution":[22],"urgently":[24],"needed":[25],"incontinence":[27],"among":[28],"people.":[31],"Compared":[32],"with":[33,124],"disposable":[34],"adult":[35],"diapers,":[36],"artificial":[37],"sphincter":[38],"implantation":[39],"medication":[41],"incontinence,":[43],"defecation":[45,88,107,127],"pre-warning":[46,89],"method":[47,90,118],"more":[49],"flexible":[50],"convenient.":[52],"However,":[53],"due":[54],"to":[55,105],"complex":[57],"human":[58],"physiology":[59],"individual":[61],"differences,":[62],"its":[63],"development":[64],"limited.":[66],"Based":[67],"on":[68,94],"aging":[70],"trend":[71],"clinical":[76],"needs,":[77],"this":[78],"paper":[79],"proposes":[80],"bowel":[82,109,122],"sound":[83],"acquisition":[84],"system":[85,92],"based":[93],"semi-supervised":[96],"generative":[97],"adversarial":[98],"network.":[99],"A":[100],"network":[101],"model":[102],"was":[103],"established":[104],"predict":[106],"using":[108],"sounds.":[110],"experimental":[112],"results":[113],"show":[114],"that":[115],"proposed":[117],"can":[119],"effectively":[120],"classify":[121],"sounds":[123],"or":[125],"without":[126],"tendency,":[128],"accuracy":[131],"reached":[132],"94.4%.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}