{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294168339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176621","title":"Sign Language Recognition Method Based on Palm Definition Model and Multiple Classification","display_name":"Sign Language Recognition Method Based on Palm Definition Model and Multiple Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294168339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176621","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36081076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176621","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6621/pdf?version=1662371673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6621/pdf?version=1662371673","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014715890","display_name":"Nurzada Amangeldy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4669-9254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10232997","display_name":"L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0242cby63","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nurzada Amangeldy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4669-9254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064097607","display_name":"Saule Kudubayeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-9530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10232997","display_name":"L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0242cby63","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saule Kudubayeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-9530","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066358401","display_name":"\u0410kmaral Kassymova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4614-4021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136233","display_name":"Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h8f2y52","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136233"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akmaral Kassymova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Economics, Information Technologies and Professional Education, Zangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarion-Technical University, Uralsk 090000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Economics, Information Technologies and Professional Education, Zangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarion-Technical University, Uralsk 090000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008045291","display_name":"Ardak Karipzhanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0113-6132"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ardak Karipzhanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Technical Sciences, Faculty of Information Technologies and Economics, Kazakh Humanitarian Law Innovative University, East Kazakhstan Region, Semey 701400, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Technical Sciences, Faculty of Information Technologies and Economics, Kazakh Humanitarian Law Innovative University, East Kazakhstan Region, Semey 701400, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080933533","display_name":"Bibigul Razakhova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8152-8661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10232997","display_name":"L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0242cby63","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bibigul Razakhova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8152-8661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073778512","display_name":"Serikbay Kuralov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10232997","display_name":"L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0242cby63","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serikbay Kuralov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014715890"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.8139,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87236394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"17","first_page":"6621","last_page":"6621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.8033234477043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.7546623945236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7222466468811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.6601892709732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4993767738342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpreter","display_name":"Interpreter","score":0.4921354651451111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.48178765177726746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4399440288543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3883362114429474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3689690828323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17598336935043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11801663041114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10012286901473999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.8033234477043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.7546623945236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7222466468811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.6601892709732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4993767738342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122783720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183065","display_name":"Interpreter","level":2,"score":0.4921354651451111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48178765177726746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4399440288543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3883362114429474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3689690828323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17598336935043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11801663041114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10012286901473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176621","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6621/pdf?version=1662371673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36081076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36081076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c2ef1504ee843919f023ffcf78f1f37","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c2ef1504ee843919f023ffcf78f1f37","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 17, p 6621 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/17/6621/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 17; Pages: 6621","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9460639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9460639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176621","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6621/pdf?version=1662371673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294168339.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2234502898","https://openalex.org/W2316263394","https://openalex.org/W2490176519","https://openalex.org/W2587277634","https://openalex.org/W2794578937","https://openalex.org/W2798040554","https://openalex.org/W2800393472","https://openalex.org/W2807750652","https://openalex.org/W2895638065","https://openalex.org/W2897266728","https://openalex.org/W2945687785","https://openalex.org/W2954420818","https://openalex.org/W2963075127","https://openalex.org/W2965243934","https://openalex.org/W2972944115","https://openalex.org/W2978637579","https://openalex.org/W2978895874","https://openalex.org/W2990998938","https://openalex.org/W2996564689","https://openalex.org/W3033852812","https://openalex.org/W3039588553","https://openalex.org/W3040901297","https://openalex.org/W3049383834","https://openalex.org/W3088153853","https://openalex.org/W3089699916","https://openalex.org/W3108242995","https://openalex.org/W3114473259","https://openalex.org/W3115562132","https://openalex.org/W3122618342","https://openalex.org/W3182931472","https://openalex.org/W3184129713","https://openalex.org/W3186902467","https://openalex.org/W3196072762","https://openalex.org/W3212569129","https://openalex.org/W4226465973","https://openalex.org/W4238608163","https://openalex.org/W4246993186","https://openalex.org/W4249438670","https://openalex.org/W4250579635","https://openalex.org/W4376320837","https://openalex.org/W6762965694","https://openalex.org/W6778430627","https://openalex.org/W6788082397","https://openalex.org/W6800543882","https://openalex.org/W6831851537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308478915","https://openalex.org/W4386716227","https://openalex.org/W4389049376","https://openalex.org/W2893683540","https://openalex.org/W2056227523","https://openalex.org/W1986488374","https://openalex.org/W134296123","https://openalex.org/W1608168893","https://openalex.org/W2348960846","https://openalex.org/W3040456104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technologies":[0],"for":[1,173,260],"pattern":[2,21],"recognition":[3,22,140,150,243,263],"are":[4,186],"used":[5,248],"in":[6,28,39,81,123,141,147,204,215],"various":[7],"fields.":[8],"One":[9],"of":[10,20,45,65,73,88,91,99,109,138,144,177,181,190,201,254,257],"the":[11,18,46,63,97,107,131,142,155,160,166,175,182,191,202,205,216,235,261],"most":[12,156],"relevant":[13],"and":[14,57,83,102,170,179,245],"important":[15],"directions":[16],"is":[17,194],"use":[19,62,98,146],"technology,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"gesture":[26,139,149,258,262],"recognition,":[27],"socially":[29],"significant":[30],"tasks,":[31],"to":[32,61,114,125,130,152,233,249],"develop":[33],"automatic":[34,92,148],"sign":[35,68,93,184,207],"language":[36,69,94,185],"interpretation":[37],"systems":[38,90],"real":[40],"time.":[41],"More":[42],"than":[43],"5%":[44],"world's":[47],"population-about":[48],"430":[49],"million":[50,54],"people,":[51],"including":[52],"34":[53],"children-are":[55],"deaf-mute":[56],"not":[58],"always":[59],"able":[60],"services":[64],"a":[66,76,224,251],"living":[67],"interpreter.":[70],"Almost":[71],"80%":[72],"people":[74,110],"with":[75,111],"disabling":[77],"hearing":[78],"loss":[79],"live":[80],"low-":[82],"middle-income":[84],"countries.":[85],"The":[86,188],"development":[87],"low-cost":[89],"interpretation,":[95],"without":[96],"expensive":[100],"sensors":[101],"unique":[103],"cameras,":[104],"would":[105],"improve":[106],"lives":[108],"disabilities,":[112],"contributing":[113],"their":[115,145],"unhindered":[116],"integration":[117],"into":[118,230],"society.":[119],"To":[120],"this":[121,133,210],"end,":[122],"order":[124],"find":[126],"an":[127,162],"optimal":[128,157],"solution":[129],"problem,":[132],"article":[134],"analyzes":[135],"suitable":[136],"methods":[137],"context":[143],"systems,":[151],"further":[153],"determine":[154],"methods.":[158],"From":[159],"analysis,":[161],"algorithm":[163,193],"based":[164],"on":[165],"palm":[167],"definition":[168],"model":[169],"linear":[171],"models":[172],"recognizing":[174],"shapes":[176],"numbers":[178],"letters":[180,200,214],"Kazakh":[183,206,217],"proposed.":[187],"advantage":[189],"proposed":[192],"that":[195],"it":[196],"fully":[197],"recognizes":[198],"41":[199],"42":[203],"alphabet.":[208],"Until":[209],"time,":[211],"only":[212],"Russian":[213],"alphabet":[218],"have":[219],"been":[220,228],"recognized.":[221],"In":[222],"addition,":[223],"unified":[225],"function":[226],"has":[227,241],"integrated":[229],"our":[231],"system":[232],"configure":[234],"frame":[236],"depth":[237],"map":[238],"mode,":[239],"which":[240],"improved":[242],"performance":[244],"can":[246],"be":[247],"create":[250],"multimodal":[252],"database":[253],"video":[255],"data":[256],"words":[259],"system.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}