{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293715203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176547","title":"DL-Based Physical Tamper Attack Detection in OFDM Systems with Multiple Receiver Antennas: A Performance\u2013Complexity Trade-Off","display_name":"DL-Based Physical Tamper Attack Detection in OFDM Systems with Multiple Receiver Antennas: A Performance\u2013Complexity Trade-Off","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293715203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176547","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36081004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176547","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6547/pdf?version=1661912673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6547/pdf?version=1661912673","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014606773","display_name":"Eshagh Dehmollaian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-2456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eshagh Dehmollaian","raw_affiliation_strings":["JKU LIT SAL eSPML Lab, Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-2456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JKU LIT SAL eSPML Lab, Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059345440","display_name":"Bernhard Etzlinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6717-1603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Etzlinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6717-1603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005177302","display_name":"N\u00faria Ballber Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-5168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N\u00faria Ballber Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-5168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013115524","display_name":"Andreas Springer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-5184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Springer","raw_affiliation_strings":["JKU LIT SAL eSPML Lab, Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-5184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JKU LIT SAL eSPML Lab, Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014606773"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.3481,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64807238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"17","first_page":"6547","last_page":"6547"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.6552961468696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6517632007598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5876762270927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tamper-resistance","display_name":"Tamper resistance","score":0.46648624539375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3708544373512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3494720458984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3127627968788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21542519330978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.213152676820755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19825327396392822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.6552961468696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6517632007598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5876762270927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19163912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7681779","display_name":"Tamper resistance","level":2,"score":0.46648624539375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3708544373512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3494720458984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3127627968788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21542519330978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.213152676820755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19825327396392822}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176547","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6547/pdf?version=1661912673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36081004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36081004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:38c5e19262eb4d1bb3f35fefeb850f48","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/38c5e19262eb4d1bb3f35fefeb850f48","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 17, p 6547 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epub.jku.at/:8012137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubl:3-14567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401788","display_name":"University Library Linz repository (Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","host_organization_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/17/6547/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 17; Pages: 6547","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9459744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9459744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176547","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6547/pdf?version=1661912673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293715203.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79918814","https://openalex.org/W1970088130","https://openalex.org/W2107449812","https://openalex.org/W2118099695","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2123541927","https://openalex.org/W2128190945","https://openalex.org/W2194561596","https://openalex.org/W2795351252","https://openalex.org/W2803697594","https://openalex.org/W2945282335","https://openalex.org/W3045512821","https://openalex.org/W3087212405","https://openalex.org/W3102530501","https://openalex.org/W3153201323","https://openalex.org/W3187696913","https://openalex.org/W3193805184","https://openalex.org/W6603230449","https://openalex.org/W6749579608","https://openalex.org/W6751494907","https://openalex.org/W6756040250","https://openalex.org/W6771982476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355663289","https://openalex.org/W2792339401","https://openalex.org/W2530747331","https://openalex.org/W2106913410","https://openalex.org/W2125564215","https://openalex.org/W3097525855","https://openalex.org/W4243590696","https://openalex.org/W2502435347","https://openalex.org/W2533938898","https://openalex.org/W4309910562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"two":[3,114],"deep-learning":[4],"(DL)-based":[5],"approaches":[6],"to":[7,98],"a":[8,56,121,141,147,153],"physical":[9,33,78],"tamper":[10,34,52,79],"attack":[11,35,53,100],"detection":[12,59,106,126],"problem":[13],"in":[14,72,84],"orthogonal":[15],"frequency":[16],"division":[17],"multiplexing":[18],"(OFDM)":[19],"systems":[20],"with":[21,132,152],"multiple":[22],"receiver":[23],"antennas":[24],"based":[25,66],"on":[26,67],"channel":[27],"state":[28],"information":[29],"(CSI)":[30],"estimates.":[31],"The":[32,136],"is":[36],"considered":[37],"as":[38,55],"the":[39,46,51,61,85,103,124,129],"unwanted":[40],"change":[41],"of":[42,128,156],"antenna":[43],"orientation":[44],"at":[45],"transmitter":[47],"or":[48],"receiver.":[49],"Approaching":[50],"scenario":[54],"semi-supervised":[57],"anomaly":[58],"problem,":[60],"algorithms":[62],"are":[63,88,95],"trained":[64],"solely":[65],"tamper-attack-free":[68],"measurements,":[69],"while":[70],"operating":[71],"general":[73],"scenarios":[74],"that":[75,94],"may":[76],"include":[77],"attacks.":[80],"Two":[81],"major":[82],"challenges":[83],"algorithm":[86],"design":[87],"environmental":[89],"changes,":[90],"e.g.,":[91],"moving":[92],"persons,":[93],"not":[96],"due":[97],"an":[99,118],"and":[101,108,120,146],"evaluating":[102],"trade-off":[104],"between":[105],"performance":[107],"complexity.":[109,157],"Our":[110],"experimental":[111],"results":[112],"from":[113],"different":[115,133],"environments,":[116],"comprising":[117],"office":[119],"hall,":[122],"show":[123],"proper":[125],"performances":[127],"proposed":[130,138],"methods":[131],"complexity":[134],"levels.":[135],"optimal":[137],"method":[139],"achieves":[140],"93.32%":[142],"true":[143],"positive":[144,150],"rate":[145,151],"10%":[148],"false":[149],"suitable":[154],"level":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
