{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293715370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176546","title":"Image Semantic Segmentation of Underwater Garbage with Modified U-Net Architecture Model","display_name":"Image Semantic Segmentation of Underwater Garbage with Modified U-Net Architecture Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293715370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176546","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36081003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176546","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6546/pdf?version=1662011493","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6546/pdf?version=1662011493","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036884793","display_name":"Lifu Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifu Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042149473","display_name":"Shihan Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6714-1313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihan Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008384750","display_name":"Yuquan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6934-7921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuquan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073958329","display_name":"Junzhi Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-572X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junzhi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-572X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073958329"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.8098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70524926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"17","first_page":"6546","last_page":"6546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9211000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5834699273109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.5802856087684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5762155055999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5655131340026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5485608577728271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4745417535305023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.44127726554870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4345693290233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3242776393890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.32020923495292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18780845403671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13877663016319275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5834699273109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.5802856087684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5762155055999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5655131340026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5485608577728271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4745417535305023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.44127726554870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4345693290233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3242776393890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32020923495292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18780845403671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13877663016319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176546","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6546/pdf?version=1662011493","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36081003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36081003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:420a8a32ab074321946db9eeda2db321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/420a8a32ab074321946db9eeda2db321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 17, p 6546 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/17/6546/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 17; Pages: 6546","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9460826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9460826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176546","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6546/pdf?version=1662011493","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2794432786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61725305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2850859447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant U1909206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6280177336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant 61725305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7211090781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M710214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7603313047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1909206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8670534201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T2121002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G937120407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"and Grant T2121002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293715370.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2160330414","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2767434855","https://openalex.org/W2804860796","https://openalex.org/W2883318486","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2896790556","https://openalex.org/W2956328874","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963874069","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W3005568906","https://openalex.org/W3015833547","https://openalex.org/W3027515513","https://openalex.org/W3034745255","https://openalex.org/W3084325977","https://openalex.org/W3105550226","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3110891924","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3159442990","https://openalex.org/W3186958587","https://openalex.org/W3211490618","https://openalex.org/W4224247075","https://openalex.org/W4293215762","https://openalex.org/W6772750526","https://openalex.org/W6797399245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388412763","https://openalex.org/W1999583034","https://openalex.org/W3217214504","https://openalex.org/W3168963531","https://openalex.org/W2591930867","https://openalex.org/W2953138830","https://openalex.org/W2773822314","https://openalex.org/W3176162126","https://openalex.org/W2037375427","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"underwater":[1,11,15,21,52,66,121],"garbage":[2,22,53,67],"grasping":[3],"and":[4,19,35,69,77,119,124],"collection":[5],"pose":[6],"a":[7,25,31,49,101,114],"great":[8],"challenge":[9],"to":[10,41,100],"robots.":[12],"To":[13],"assist":[14],"robots":[16],"in":[17,64,103],"locating":[18],"recognizing":[20],"objects":[23],"efficiently,":[24],"modified":[26],"U-Net-based":[27],"architecture":[28,60],"consisting":[29],"of":[30,72,82],"deeper":[32],"contracting":[33],"path":[34,38],"an":[36],"expansive":[37],"is":[39,56,61,91],"proposed":[40,59],"accomplish":[42],"end-to-end":[43],"image":[44],"semantic":[45,54],"segmentation.":[46],"In":[47],"addition,":[48],"dataset":[50,68],"for":[51,117],"segmentation":[55],"established.":[57],"The":[58],"further":[62],"verified":[63],"the":[65,70,80,84,94,105,110],"effects":[71],"different":[73],"hyperparameters,":[74],"loss":[75,96],"functions,":[76],"optimizers":[78],"on":[79],"performance":[81],"refining":[83],"predicted":[85],"segmented":[86],"mask":[87],"are":[88],"examined.":[89],"It":[90],"confirmed":[92],"that":[93],"focal":[95],"function":[97],"will":[98],"lead":[99],"boost":[102],"solving":[104],"target-background":[106],"unbalance":[107],"problem.":[108],"Eventually,":[109],"obtained":[111],"results":[112],"offer":[113],"solid":[115],"foundation":[116],"fast":[118],"precise":[120],"target":[122],"recognition":[123],"operations.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}