{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292869901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176333","title":"Reinforcement Learning Based Multipath QUIC Scheduler for Multimedia Streaming","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning Based Multipath QUIC Scheduler for Multimedia Streaming","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292869901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176333","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36080792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176333","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6333/pdf?version=1662514262","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6333/pdf?version=1662514262","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101667010","display_name":"Seunghwa Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-1817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seunghwa Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010460656","display_name":"Joon Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-5855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joon Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010460656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.6314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84893274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"17","first_page":"6333","last_page":"6333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8917803168296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-tcp","display_name":"Multipath TCP","score":0.7263236045837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6430658102035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.6027445197105408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5943114757537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-scheduler","display_name":"Network scheduler","score":0.5856168270111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linux-kernel","display_name":"Linux kernel","score":0.5436122417449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5310115218162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4540950655937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4378967583179474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4111321270465851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.13073056936264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1083899736404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09329026937484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-delay","display_name":"Transmission delay","score":0.09022828936576843}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8917803168296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779166880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14947831","display_name":"Multipath TCP","level":4,"score":0.7263236045837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6430658102035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.6027445197105408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5943114757537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163099246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1978975","display_name":"Network scheduler","level":5,"score":0.5856168270111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553261973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14579","display_name":"Linux kernel","level":2,"score":0.5436122417449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5310115218162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4540950655937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4378967583179474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4111321270465851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.13073056936264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1083899736404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09329026937484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108921912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834639","display_name":"Transmission delay","level":3,"score":0.09022828936576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180026317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5000645","display_name":"Burst switching","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176333","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6333/pdf?version=1662514262","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36080792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36080792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:305fd46605524a139c9200a8afae7df3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/305fd46605524a139c9200a8afae7df3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 17, p 6333 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/17/6333/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 17; Pages: 6333","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9460924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9460924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22176333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176333","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6333/pdf?version=1662514262","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4470359467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GCU-202008450002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321366","funder_display_name":"Gachon University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876552728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1F1A1063640","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321366","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292869901.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292869901.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515106148","https://openalex.org/W1972191802","https://openalex.org/W2007309295","https://openalex.org/W2063996412","https://openalex.org/W2065831914","https://openalex.org/W2436939335","https://openalex.org/W2499789725","https://openalex.org/W2745034467","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2769786654","https://openalex.org/W2770930158","https://openalex.org/W2912444554","https://openalex.org/W2920334458","https://openalex.org/W2967510192","https://openalex.org/W3010334509","https://openalex.org/W3034631130","https://openalex.org/W3099750122","https://openalex.org/W3156285920","https://openalex.org/W3164445272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3180763927","https://openalex.org/W4389988679","https://openalex.org/W4313462103","https://openalex.org/W4312993263","https://openalex.org/W2188528211","https://openalex.org/W2904634940","https://openalex.org/W3047324739","https://openalex.org/W2067534325","https://openalex.org/W2892222813","https://openalex.org/W2531685183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,31,47,69,84,90,99,106,157,163,200,203,211,227,234],"recent":[2],"advances":[3],"in":[4,115],"computing":[5],"devices":[6,13],"such":[7,20],"as":[8,21,178],"smartphones":[9],"and":[10,24,38,138,176,207,230],"laptops,":[11],"most":[12],"are":[14],"equipped":[15],"with":[16],"multiple":[17],"network":[18],"interfaces":[19],"cellular,":[22],"Wi-Fi,":[23],"Ethernet.":[25],"Multipath":[26,39],"TCP":[27],"(MPTCP)":[28],"has":[29,54],"been":[30],"de":[32],"facto":[33],"standard":[34],"for":[35,181],"utilizing":[36],"multipaths,":[37],"QUIC":[40],"(MPQUIC),":[41],"which":[42,67,72],"is":[43,78],"an":[44],"extension":[45],"of":[46,165,202],"Quick":[48],"UDP":[49],"Internet":[50],"Connections":[51],"(QUIC)":[52],"protocol,":[53],"become":[55],"a":[56,79,112,147,179,186,195],"promising":[57],"replacement":[58],"due":[59],"to":[60,71,184,214],"its":[61],"various":[62],"advantages.":[63],"The":[64,237],"multipath":[65,85],"scheduler,":[66],"determines":[68],"path":[70],"each":[73,119],"packet":[74],"should":[75],"be":[76],"transmitted,":[77],"key":[80],"function":[81],"that":[82,161,198,241],"affects":[83],"transport":[86],"performance.":[87],"For":[88,124],"example,":[89,125],"default":[91],"minRTT":[92],"scheduler":[93,101,150,201,225],"typically":[94],"achieves":[95],"good":[96],"throughput,":[97],"while":[98,131],"redundant":[100],"gains":[102],"low":[103,129,136,187],"latency.":[104],"While":[105],"legacy":[107,245],"schedulers":[108,246],"may":[109],"generally":[110],"give":[111,231],"desirable":[113],"performance":[114],"some":[116],"environments,":[117],"however,":[118],"application":[120],"renders":[121],"different":[122],"requirements.":[123],"Web":[126],"applications":[127,134],"target":[128],"latency,":[130],"video":[132,140,188,204],"streaming":[133],"require":[135],"jitter":[137],"high":[139],"quality.":[141],"In":[142],"this":[143],"paper,":[144],"we":[145,193,208,221],"propose":[146,194],"novel":[148],"MPQUIC":[149],"based":[151],"on":[152,226],"deep":[153],"reinforcement":[154,182],"learning":[155,183,212],"using":[156,233],"Deep":[158],"Q-Network":[159],"(DQN)":[160],"enhances":[162],"quality":[164],"multimedia":[166],"streaming.":[167],"Our":[168],"proposal":[169,243],"first":[170],"takes":[171],"into":[172],"account":[173],"both":[174],"delay":[175],"throughput":[177],"reward":[180],"achieve":[185],"chunk":[189,196,205],"download":[190],"time.":[191],"Second,":[192],"manager":[197],"informs":[199],"information,":[206],"also":[209],"tune":[210],"parameters":[213],"explore":[215],"new":[216,224],"random":[217],"actions":[218],"adequately.":[219],"Finally,":[220],"implement":[222],"our":[223,242],"Linux":[228],"kernel":[229],"results":[232,239],"Mininet":[235],"experiments.":[236],"evaluation":[238],"show":[240],"outperforms":[244],"by":[247],"at":[248],"least":[249],"20%.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
