{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292554288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166291","title":"EPI Light Field Depth Estimation Based on a Directional Relationship Model and Multiviewpoint Attention Mechanism","display_name":"EPI Light Field Depth Estimation Based on a Directional Relationship Model and Multiviewpoint Attention Mechanism","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292554288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166291","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36016052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166291","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6291/pdf?version=1661151047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6291/pdf?version=1661151047","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088526794","display_name":"Ming Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5824-8362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101504769","display_name":"Huiping Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8931-6946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huiping Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009327506","display_name":"Sen Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5384-0730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020622873","display_name":"Jin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7674-421X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112658213","display_name":"Zeyang He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101504769"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.5669,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6272718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"16","first_page":"6291","last_page":"6291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.7110422849655151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5248575210571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4508773684501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.42859864234924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.32899099588394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24475204944610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20785433053970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19428417086601257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1625937819480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.09156078100204468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7110422849655151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5248575210571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4508773684501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.42859864234924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.32899099588394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24475204944610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20785433053970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19428417086601257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1625937819480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.09156078100204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017352","descriptor_name":"Echo-Planar Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017352","descriptor_name":"Echo-Planar Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017352","descriptor_name":"Echo-Planar Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166291","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6291/pdf?version=1661151047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36016052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36016052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:08a4a441e549481cbe8b5b3e09042bf2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/08a4a441e549481cbe8b5b3e09042bf2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 16, p 6291 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/16/6291/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 16; Pages: 6291","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9416155","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9416155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166291","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6291/pdf?version=1661151047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5788720207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702384","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6814256758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61502357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292554288.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292554288.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1914596733","https://openalex.org/W1924457599","https://openalex.org/W2042687553","https://openalex.org/W2063366997","https://openalex.org/W2064586097","https://openalex.org/W2143050242","https://openalex.org/W2149694199","https://openalex.org/W2200825767","https://openalex.org/W2289524987","https://openalex.org/W2430642417","https://openalex.org/W2464308330","https://openalex.org/W2468368736","https://openalex.org/W2471061117","https://openalex.org/W2560474170","https://openalex.org/W2591697814","https://openalex.org/W2612981966","https://openalex.org/W2737842117","https://openalex.org/W2751225115","https://openalex.org/W2753230437","https://openalex.org/W2766499215","https://openalex.org/W2778641202","https://openalex.org/W2902024778","https://openalex.org/W2949362021","https://openalex.org/W2964178790","https://openalex.org/W2970963559","https://openalex.org/W2973562217","https://openalex.org/W2978420577","https://openalex.org/W2998286311","https://openalex.org/W3106030537","https://openalex.org/W3122491566","https://openalex.org/W3176427461","https://openalex.org/W3202400745","https://openalex.org/W4213117431","https://openalex.org/W4226022249","https://openalex.org/W4312722796","https://openalex.org/W6737950358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Light":[0],"field":[1],"(LF)":[2],"image":[3,51],"depth":[4,31,60,74,89,105],"estimation":[5,61,90,106],"is":[6,35,145,180],"a":[7,94,117,135,175],"critical":[8],"technique":[9],"for":[10,30],"LF-related":[11],"applications":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14,113],"3D":[15],"reconstruction,":[16],"target":[17],"detection,":[18],"and":[19,68,98,130,142],"tracking.":[20],"The":[21,48,189],"refocusing":[22],"property":[23],"of":[24,40,53,63,66,127,203],"LF":[25,54,73,88,104],"images":[26],"provide":[27],"rich":[28],"information":[29],"estimations;":[32],"however,":[33],"it":[34],"still":[36],"challenging":[37],"in":[38,201],"cases":[39],"occlusion":[41],"regions,":[42,44],"edge":[43],"noise":[45],"interference,":[46],"etc.":[47],"epipolar":[49],"plane":[50],"(EPI)":[52],"can":[55],"effectively":[56],"deal":[57],"with":[58,169],"the":[59,72,80,102,108,128,152,164,170,194,198],"because":[62],"its":[64],"characteristics":[65],"multidirectionality":[67],"pixel":[69],"consistency-in":[70],"which":[71,174],"estimations":[75],"are":[76,160],"converted":[77],"to":[78,123,147,151,162,182],"calculate":[79],"EPI":[81,87,153,171,186],"slope.":[82],"This":[83],"paper":[84],"proposed":[85,109,195],"an":[86],"algorithm":[91,196],"based":[92],"on":[93],"directional":[95,118],"relationship":[96,119],"model":[97,120],"attention":[99,137,141,144],"mechanism.":[100],"Unlike":[101],"subaperture":[103],"method,":[107],"method":[110],"takes":[111],"EPIs":[112],"input":[114],"images.":[115],"Specifically,":[116],"was":[121],"used":[122,146,161,181],"extract":[124],"direction":[125],"features":[126,166],"horizontal":[129],"vertical":[131],"EPIs,":[132],"respectively.":[133],"Then,":[134],"multiviewpoint":[136],"mechanism":[138],"combining":[139],"channel":[140],"spatial":[143],"give":[148],"more":[149],"weight":[150],"slope":[154,172,187],"information.":[155,188],"Subsequently,":[156],"multiple":[157],"residual":[158],"modules":[159],"eliminate":[163],"redundant":[165],"that":[167,193],"interfere":[168],"information-in":[173],"small":[176],"stride":[177],"convolution":[178],"operation":[179],"avoid":[183],"losing":[184],"key":[185],"experimental":[190],"results":[191],"revealed":[192],"outperformed":[197],"compared":[199],"algorithms":[200],"terms":[202],"accuracy.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}