{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292553532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166263","title":"Crowdsourcing-Based Indoor Semantic Map Construction and Localization Using Graph Optimization","display_name":"Crowdsourcing-Based Indoor Semantic Map Construction and Localization Using Graph Optimization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292553532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166263","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36016025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166263","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6263/pdf?version=1661220393","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6263/pdf?version=1661220393","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323270","display_name":"Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2647-0740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143413998","display_name":"Qingdao University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041j8js14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2647-0740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015536619","display_name":"Wennan Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0294-5636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143413998","display_name":"Qingdao University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041j8js14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wennan Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Sino-German Institute Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0294-5636","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Sino-German Institute Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100617882","display_name":"Xiaohui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-3674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-3674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065209039","display_name":"Qingdang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2272-4830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143413998","display_name":"Qingdao University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041j8js14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingdang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Sino-German Institute Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Sino-German Institute Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065209039"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3695,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57361685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"16","first_page":"6263","last_page":"6263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.8551362752914429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5900045037269592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5219342708587646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41301560401916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.19783753156661987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1896088421344757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.8551362752914429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5900045037269592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5219342708587646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41301560401916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.19783753156661987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1896088421344757}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166263","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6263/pdf?version=1661220393","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36016025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36016025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:68ba7843d1ff4507bdf31d919392a91b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/68ba7843d1ff4507bdf31d919392a91b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 16, p 6263 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/16/6263/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 16; Pages: 6263","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9415773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9415773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166263","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6263/pdf?version=1661220393","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292553532.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292553532.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W601857102","https://openalex.org/W1529965533","https://openalex.org/W1640080809","https://openalex.org/W1670904102","https://openalex.org/W1758464101","https://openalex.org/W1966173730","https://openalex.org/W2091921805","https://openalex.org/W2145259302","https://openalex.org/W2166315077","https://openalex.org/W2170674824","https://openalex.org/W2205443796","https://openalex.org/W2607216769","https://openalex.org/W2745859992","https://openalex.org/W2766011388","https://openalex.org/W2792265547","https://openalex.org/W2804380274","https://openalex.org/W2883923125","https://openalex.org/W2887036838","https://openalex.org/W2888880178","https://openalex.org/W2890196784","https://openalex.org/W2900436735","https://openalex.org/W2921149917","https://openalex.org/W2972582061","https://openalex.org/W3014520900","https://openalex.org/W3021494530","https://openalex.org/W3037308238","https://openalex.org/W3048163579","https://openalex.org/W3101022310","https://openalex.org/W3112612779","https://openalex.org/W3129245057","https://openalex.org/W3135671881","https://openalex.org/W3137066621","https://openalex.org/W3138764046","https://openalex.org/W3155948118","https://openalex.org/W3157084938","https://openalex.org/W3161959971","https://openalex.org/W3162167837","https://openalex.org/W3163398714","https://openalex.org/W3165810407","https://openalex.org/W3167602760","https://openalex.org/W3194790201","https://openalex.org/W3194847392","https://openalex.org/W3195930807","https://openalex.org/W3213227322","https://openalex.org/W4205708879","https://openalex.org/W4206231943","https://openalex.org/W4210466169","https://openalex.org/W4210767321","https://openalex.org/W4285125128","https://openalex.org/W4319977966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4286908577","https://openalex.org/W2886410948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,85,111],"advancement":[1],"of":[2,11,105,120,187],"smartphones":[3],"with":[4,72,97],"multiple":[5],"built-in":[6],"sensors":[7],"facilitates":[8],"the":[9,43,58,64,68,73,95,98,102,108,128,176,193],"development":[10],"crowdsourcing-based":[12,22,166],"indoor":[13,23],"map":[14,25,66,71,81,100,114,147,151],"construction":[15,26],"and":[16,27,37,42,47,54,88,122,132,148,160],"localization.":[17],"This":[18],"paper":[19],"proposes":[20],"a":[21,79,136,140,145,149,183,201],"semantic":[24,35,70,173,203],"localization":[28,179,185],"method":[29,180],"using":[30],"graph":[31,60],"optimization.":[32],"Using":[33],"waypoints,":[34],"landmarks,":[36],"Wi-Fi":[38],"landmarks":[39,48],"as":[40,56,76,125,127],"nodes":[41],"relevance":[44],"between":[45,130,144],"waypoints":[46,131],"(i.e.,":[49],"waypoint-waypoint,":[50],"waypoint-semantic,":[51],"waypoint-Wi-Fi,":[52],"semantic-semantic,":[53],"Wi-Fi-Wi-Fi)":[55],"edges,":[57],"optimization":[59],"is":[61,67,115],"constructed.":[62],"Initializing":[63],"venue":[65,87,109,113,141,150,167,194],"single-track":[69,172,202],"highest":[74,103],"quality,":[75],"determined":[77],"by":[78],"proposed":[80],"quality":[82],"evaluation":[83],"function.":[84],"aligned":[86],"candidate":[89,99],"maps":[90,168],"are":[91,152,169],"optimized":[92],"while":[93],"satisfying":[94],"constraints,":[96],"exhibiting":[101],"degree":[104],"similarity":[106],"to":[107,171,197],"map.":[110,204],"lightweight":[112],"then":[116],"updated":[117],"in":[118,156,200],"terms":[119],"waypoint":[121],"landmark":[123,177],"attributes,":[124],"well":[126],"relationship":[129],"landmarks.":[133],"To":[134],"determine":[135],"pedestrian's":[137],"location":[138],"on":[139,192],"map,":[142,195],"similarities":[143],"local":[146],"evaluated.":[153],"Experiments":[154],"conducted":[155],"an":[157],"office":[158],"building":[159],"shopping":[161],"mall":[162],"scenes":[163],"demonstrate":[164],"that":[165],"superior":[170],"maps.":[174],"Additionally,":[175],"matching-based":[178],"can":[181],"achieve":[182],"mean":[184],"error":[186],"less":[188],"than":[189],"0.5":[190],"m":[191,199],"compared":[196],"0.6":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}