{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292553500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166255","title":"Exploiting Ultra-Wideband Channel Impulse Responses for Device-Free Localization","display_name":"Exploiting Ultra-Wideband Channel Impulse Responses for Device-Free Localization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292553500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166255","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36016015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166255","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6255/pdf?version=1661150212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6255/pdf?version=1661150212","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071084018","display_name":"Marco Cimdins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-5661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127057","display_name":"Technical University of Applied Sciences L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/032xqbj11","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127057"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Cimdins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Hochschule L\u00fcbeck, M\u00f6nkhofer Weg 239, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-5661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Hochschule L\u00fcbeck, M\u00f6nkhofer Weg 239, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127057"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063890338","display_name":"Sven Ole Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7653-1463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127057","display_name":"Technical University of Applied Sciences L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/032xqbj11","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127057"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Ole Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Hochschule L\u00fcbeck, M\u00f6nkhofer Weg 239, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7653-1463","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Hochschule L\u00fcbeck, M\u00f6nkhofer Weg 239, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127057"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034322235","display_name":"Peter Bartmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0389-3014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127057","display_name":"Technical University of Applied Sciences L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/032xqbj11","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127057"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Bartmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Hochschule L\u00fcbeck, M\u00f6nkhofer Weg 239, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0389-3014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Hochschule L\u00fcbeck, M\u00f6nkhofer Weg 239, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127057"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072807710","display_name":"Horst Hellbr\u00fcck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7619-8015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127057","display_name":"Technical University of Applied Sciences L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/032xqbj11","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127057"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Horst Hellbr\u00fcck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Hochschule L\u00fcbeck, M\u00f6nkhofer Weg 239, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7619-8015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Hochschule L\u00fcbeck, M\u00f6nkhofer Weg 239, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127057"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071084018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127057"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.6617,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83474197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"16","first_page":"6255","last_page":"6255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12024","display_name":"Ultra-Wideband Communications Technology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.8765634298324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6717147827148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-wideband","display_name":"Ultra-wideband","score":0.5456656813621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse-response","display_name":"Impulse response","score":0.5099207162857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.45278874039649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4496508240699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","score":0.41600868105888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.41208553314208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2752777338027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17350101470947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16846370697021484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.8765634298324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6717147827148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21916231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851424","display_name":"Ultra-wideband","level":2,"score":0.5456656813621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72279823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139726","display_name":"Impulse response","level":2,"score":0.5099207162857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.45278874039649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4496508240699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70836080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837940","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41600868105888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.41208553314208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2752777338027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17350101470947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16846370697021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011846","descriptor_name":"Radio Waves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011846","descriptor_name":"Radio Waves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011846","descriptor_name":"Radio Waves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166255","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6255/pdf?version=1661150212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36016015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36016015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f5f4accd38cd48d1be4a6c7f58d21f54","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f5f4accd38cd48d1be4a6c7f58d21f54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 16, p 6255 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/16/6255/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 16; Pages: 6255","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9416598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9416598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166255","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6255/pdf?version=1661150212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292553500.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292553500.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983645097","https://openalex.org/W1988348999","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W1999265278","https://openalex.org/W2006327170","https://openalex.org/W2013458529","https://openalex.org/W2014758824","https://openalex.org/W2060397629","https://openalex.org/W2111414586","https://openalex.org/W2114680509","https://openalex.org/W2125431326","https://openalex.org/W2138899668","https://openalex.org/W2151034334","https://openalex.org/W2152151699","https://openalex.org/W2164692160","https://openalex.org/W2296150501","https://openalex.org/W2550662678","https://openalex.org/W2567815953","https://openalex.org/W2586549589","https://openalex.org/W2595124690","https://openalex.org/W2732566925","https://openalex.org/W2769956795","https://openalex.org/W2784230935","https://openalex.org/W2793105117","https://openalex.org/W2939259315","https://openalex.org/W3003880612","https://openalex.org/W3011915699","https://openalex.org/W3013679226","https://openalex.org/W3023849923","https://openalex.org/W3092192301","https://openalex.org/W3111915192","https://openalex.org/W3151294561","https://openalex.org/W3169648310","https://openalex.org/W3173994264","https://openalex.org/W3177241359","https://openalex.org/W4205602098","https://openalex.org/W4210814285","https://openalex.org/W4213456524","https://openalex.org/W4214929294","https://openalex.org/W4220992412","https://openalex.org/W4224218351","https://openalex.org/W4226039550","https://openalex.org/W4226083587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3112081258","https://openalex.org/W1480343695","https://openalex.org/W2315892906","https://openalex.org/W2376969857","https://openalex.org/W4384026382","https://openalex.org/W98805669","https://openalex.org/W614679600","https://openalex.org/W2272518678","https://openalex.org/W2140267235","https://openalex.org/W2129634672"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,57],"radio-frequency":[1],"(RF)-based":[2],"device-free":[3],"localization":[4,158,187,228,250],"(DFL),":[5],"the":[6,32,55,70,77,80,88,103,119,141,148,152,181,186,207,227,248],"number":[7,154],"of":[8,79,143,155,189,209,224,238,257],"sensors":[9,49,156],"acting":[10],"as":[11,109],"RF":[12],"transmitters":[13],"and":[14,20,38,72,83,140,166,193,195,235],"receivers":[15],"is":[16,91,121,204,230],"crucial":[17],"for":[18,26,50,157],"accuracy":[19,149],"system":[21,90],"costs.":[22],"Two":[23],"promising":[24],"approaches":[25],"DFL":[27],"have":[28],"been":[29],"identified":[30],"in":[31,43,215,236,247,255],"past:":[33],"radio":[34,179],"tomographic":[35],"imaging":[36],"(RTI)":[37],"multi-static":[39],"radar":[40],"(MSR).":[41],"RTI":[42,63,89,203],"its":[44],"basic":[45],"version":[46],"requires":[47],"many":[48],"high":[51],"accuracy,":[52],"which":[53],"increases":[54],"cost.":[56],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"we":[60,75],"show":[61,201],"how":[62],"benefits":[64],"from":[65],"multipath":[66,95,144,210],"propagation.":[67,96],"By":[68],"evaluating":[69],"direct":[71],"echo":[73],"paths,":[74],"increase":[76,147],"coverage":[78],"target":[81,104],"area,":[82],"by":[84,206],"utilizing":[85],"UWB":[86,168,178],"signals,":[87],"less":[92],"susceptible":[93],"to":[94,106,220],"MSR":[97,114,194],"maps":[98],"reflections":[99],"that":[100,118,202],"occur":[101],"within":[102],"area":[105],"reflectors":[107],"such":[108],"persons":[110],"or":[111,150],"other":[112],"objects.":[113],"does":[115],"not":[116],"require":[117],"person":[120],"located":[122],"near":[123],"a":[124,163,174,197,216],"signal":[125],"path.":[126],"Both":[127],"suggested":[128],"methods":[129],"exploit":[130],"ultra-wideband":[131],"(UWB)":[132],"channel":[133],"impulse":[134],"response":[135],"(CIR)":[136],"measurements.":[137],"CIR":[138],"measurements":[139],"modeling":[142],"effects":[145],"either":[146],"reduce":[151],"required":[153],"with":[159,173,222,252],"RTI.":[160],"We":[161,184,200],"created":[162],"test":[164],"setup":[165],"measure":[167],"CIRs":[169],"at":[170],"different":[171],"positions":[172],"commercially":[175],"available":[176],"off-the-shelf":[177],"chip,":[180],"Decawave":[182],"DW1000.":[183],"compare":[185],"results":[188,214,246],"RTI,":[190],"multipath-assisted":[191],"(MA)-RTI,":[192],"investigate":[196],"combined":[198,244],"approach.":[199],"improved":[205],"analysis":[208],"propagation;":[211],"furthermore,":[212],"MA-RTI":[213],"better":[217,231],"performance":[218],"compared":[219],"MSR:":[221],"50%":[223,256],"all":[225,239,258],"cases,":[226],"error":[229],"than":[232],"0.82":[233],"m":[234,254],"80%":[237],"cases":[240],"1.34":[241],"m.":[242],"The":[243],"approach":[245],"best":[249],"result":[251],"0.64":[253],"cases.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
