{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292314144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166132","title":"Understanding Physicochemical Mechanisms of Sequential Infiltration Synthesis toward Rational Process Design for Uniform Incorporation of Metal Oxides","display_name":"Understanding Physicochemical Mechanisms of Sequential Infiltration Synthesis toward Rational Process Design for Uniform Incorporation of Metal Oxides","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292314144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166132","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36015891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166132","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6132/pdf?version=1660714633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6132/pdf?version=1660714633","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000133086","display_name":"Jiwoong Ham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7602-7566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwoong Ham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7602-7566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015839272","display_name":"Minkyung Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-0924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minkyung Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081246331","display_name":"Boyun Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-7719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyun Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-7719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025326808","display_name":"Hyeong\u2010U Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-9603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111434","display_name":"Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/01qcq9d74","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210111434","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeong-U Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plasma Engineering, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-9603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plasma Engineering, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007540424","display_name":"Nari Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8240-744X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nari Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007540424"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.554,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63917778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"16","first_page":"6132","last_page":"6132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11471","display_name":"Block Copolymer Self-Assembly","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12340","display_name":"Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxide","display_name":"Oxide","score":0.6723558306694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal","display_name":"Metal","score":0.6154350638389587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-design","display_name":"Rational design","score":0.5427529811859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.5376871824264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.5138564109802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminium","display_name":"Aluminium","score":0.4959426820278168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.48205623030662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","score":0.46400609612464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"Porosity","score":0.45602577924728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.41816291213035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.377070814371109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.30723321437835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.21361595392227173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.6723558306694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.6154350638389587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53105671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14777816","display_name":"Rational design","level":2,"score":0.5427529811859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.5376871824264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5138564109802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.4959426820278168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.48205623030662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.46400609612464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.45602577924728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.41816291213035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.377070814371109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.30723321437835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.21361595392227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166132","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6132/pdf?version=1660714633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36015891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36015891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5977ab1fd3d140538c491bde60ef664f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5977ab1fd3d140538c491bde60ef664f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 16, p 6132 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/16/6132/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 16; Pages: 6132","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9416371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9416371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166132","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6132/pdf?version=1660714633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4425927165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0343-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292314144.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292314144.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963611555","https://openalex.org/W2027108372","https://openalex.org/W2059805184","https://openalex.org/W2070593019","https://openalex.org/W2093466868","https://openalex.org/W2144053831","https://openalex.org/W2168589868","https://openalex.org/W2214558717","https://openalex.org/W2312901328","https://openalex.org/W2323263271","https://openalex.org/W2324933330","https://openalex.org/W2433156154","https://openalex.org/W2572621190","https://openalex.org/W2584678252","https://openalex.org/W2619070828","https://openalex.org/W2634755761","https://openalex.org/W2738138261","https://openalex.org/W2754429168","https://openalex.org/W2785741672","https://openalex.org/W2884889855","https://openalex.org/W2887939720","https://openalex.org/W2892435361","https://openalex.org/W2898622295","https://openalex.org/W2943988529","https://openalex.org/W2949556261","https://openalex.org/W2951232664","https://openalex.org/W2954713281","https://openalex.org/W2960993351","https://openalex.org/W2962027601","https://openalex.org/W2990859968","https://openalex.org/W3011384353","https://openalex.org/W3017230172","https://openalex.org/W3022838942","https://openalex.org/W3093952755","https://openalex.org/W3102741170","https://openalex.org/W3103125004","https://openalex.org/W3117015289","https://openalex.org/W3135322230","https://openalex.org/W3155802955","https://openalex.org/W3173614269","https://openalex.org/W3183890060","https://openalex.org/W3201560422","https://openalex.org/W6701142978","https://openalex.org/W6763878724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107994849","https://openalex.org/W2393554192","https://openalex.org/W4247143848","https://openalex.org/W2359463116","https://openalex.org/W2362875760","https://openalex.org/W392422591","https://openalex.org/W1968527418","https://openalex.org/W2392518446","https://openalex.org/W2214518107","https://openalex.org/W2181338969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sequential":[0],"infiltration":[1],"synthesis":[2],"(SIS)":[3],"is":[4,172,191],"a":[5,25,44,87,175],"novel":[6],"technique":[7],"for":[8],"fabricating":[9],"organic-inorganic":[10],"hybrid":[11],"materials":[12,16,37],"and":[13,28,103,109,131,140],"porous":[14],"inorganic":[15,36],"by":[17,174,181],"leveraging":[18],"the":[19,32,48,55,67,91,106,114,119,153,156,183],"diffusion":[20],"of":[21,47,69,93,118,169,178],"gas-phase":[22],"precursors":[23,33,133],"into":[24],"polymer":[26],"matrix":[27],"chemical":[29,116,185],"reactions":[30],"between":[31],"to":[34,42,62,85,136,146,152,188],"synthesize":[35],"therein.":[38],"This":[39],"study":[40,86],"aims":[41],"obtain":[43,63],"fundamental":[45],"understanding":[46],"physicochemical":[49],"mechanisms":[50],"behind":[51],"SIS,":[52],"from":[53],"which":[54,182],"SIS":[56],"processing":[57,179],"conditions":[58],"are":[59],"rationally":[60],"designed":[61],"precise":[64],"control":[65],"over":[66],"distribution":[68],"metal":[70,107,170],"oxides.":[71],"Herein,":[72],"in":[73,96,150,155],"situ":[74,82],"FTIR":[75],"spectroscopy":[76],"was":[77],"correlated":[78],"with":[79],"various":[80],"ex":[81],"characterization":[83],"techniques":[84],"model":[88],"system":[89],"involving":[90],"growth":[92,161],"aluminum":[94,101],"oxides":[95],"poly(methyl":[97],"methacrylate)":[98],"using":[99],"trimethyl":[100],"(TMA)":[102],"water":[104],"as":[105],"precursor":[108],"co-reactant,":[110],"respectively.":[111],"We":[112],"identified":[113],"prominent":[115],"states":[117],"sorbed":[120],"TMA":[121],"precursors:":[122],"(1)":[123],"freely":[124],"diffusing":[125],"precursors,":[126,130],"(2)":[127],"weakly":[128],"bound":[129],"(3)":[132],"strongly":[134],"bonded":[135],"pre-existing":[137],"oxide":[138,147,171,189],"clusters":[139],"studied":[141],"how":[142],"their":[143],"relative":[144],"contributions":[145],"formation":[148,190],"vary":[149],"relation":[151],"changes":[154],"rate-limiting":[157],"step":[158],"under":[159],"different":[160],"conditions.":[162],"Finally,":[163],"we":[164],"demonstrate":[165],"that":[166],"uniform":[167],"incorporation":[168],"realized":[173],"rational":[176],"design":[177],"conditions,":[180],"major":[184],"species":[186],"contributing":[187],"modulated.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}