{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4291824926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166067","title":"Extended Reality in Neurosurgical Education: A Systematic Review","display_name":"Extended Reality in Neurosurgical Education: A Systematic Review","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4291824926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166067","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36015828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6067/pdf?version=1660640952","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6067/pdf?version=1660640952","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021720756","display_name":"Alessandro Iop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-8960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335113835","display_name":"Karolinska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m8d6786","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Iop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden","Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden","KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-8960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072330911","display_name":"Victor Gabriel El-Hajj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9479-761X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335113835","display_name":"Karolinska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m8d6786","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Victor Gabriel El-Hajj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden","Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9479-761X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082839260","display_name":"Maria Gharios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3614-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335113835","display_name":"Karolinska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m8d6786","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Gharios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden","Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3614-8782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027647574","display_name":"Andrea de Giorgio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6064-5634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea de Giorgio","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT\u2014Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6064-5634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT\u2014Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047196452","display_name":"Fabio Marco Monetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-511X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Marco Monetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-511X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032233367","display_name":"Erik Edstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-1169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335113835","display_name":"Karolinska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m8d6786","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Edstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden","Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-1169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090418481","display_name":"Adrian Elmi\u2010Terander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3776-6136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335113835","display_name":"Karolinska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m8d6786","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Elmi-Terander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden","Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3776-6136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044438375","display_name":"Mario Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4616-189X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4616-189X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021720756","https://openalex.org/A5072330911"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835","https://openalex.org/I28166907","https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":11.1259,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99056363,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"16","first_page":"6067","last_page":"6067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11984","display_name":"Anatomy and Medical Technology","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusion","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","score":0.6598554253578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6060882210731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5473896265029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.5064359903335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.4419507682323456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurosurgery","display_name":"Neurosurgery","score":0.4386170506477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.40319114923477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3971750736236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3752690553665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.30853337049484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.25944215059280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.09832143783569336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.6598554253578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6060882210731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5473896265029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.5064359903335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4419507682323456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12770488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188449","display_name":"Neurosurgery","level":2,"score":0.4386170506477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40319114923477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3971750736236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3752690553665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.30853337049484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.25944215059280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.09832143783569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003194","descriptor_name":"Computer-Assisted Instruction","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003194","descriptor_name":"Computer-Assisted Instruction","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003194","descriptor_name":"Computer-Assisted Instruction","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003194","descriptor_name":"Computer-Assisted Instruction","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009493","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgery","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009493","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgery","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009493","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgery","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009493","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgery","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6067/pdf?version=1660640952","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36015828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36015828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ca82f1278d714dedb9bde00c5d58675f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ca82f1278d714dedb9bde00c5d58675f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 16, p 6067 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/16/6067/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 16; Pages: 6067","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9414210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9414210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6067/pdf?version=1660640952","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G887018673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FoUI-941760","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313796","funder_display_name":"Innovationsfonden"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313796","display_name":"Innovationsfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/00daj4111"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4291824926.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4291824926.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W838602523","https://openalex.org/W850542769","https://openalex.org/W1811981181","https://openalex.org/W1865129918","https://openalex.org/W2006404518","https://openalex.org/W2018381124","https://openalex.org/W2030680667","https://openalex.org/W2040168896","https://openalex.org/W2047754877","https://openalex.org/W2056300110","https://openalex.org/W2056855399","https://openalex.org/W2077187438","https://openalex.org/W2080025821","https://openalex.org/W2088462238","https://openalex.org/W2141437904","https://openalex.org/W2156360470","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2225612963","https://openalex.org/W2281473978","https://openalex.org/W2323697272","https://openalex.org/W2327678559","https://openalex.org/W2329607943","https://openalex.org/W2335697913","https://openalex.org/W2466886734","https://openalex.org/W2470043345","https://openalex.org/W2483433312","https://openalex.org/W2539941418","https://openalex.org/W2560438049","https://openalex.org/W2726360404","https://openalex.org/W2733231288","https://openalex.org/W2741226416","https://openalex.org/W2753008889","https://openalex.org/W2761957138","https://openalex.org/W2774773085","https://openalex.org/W2794555343","https://openalex.org/W2827722170","https://openalex.org/W2885811470","https://openalex.org/W2886818755","https://openalex.org/W2887137198","https://openalex.org/W2888473307","https://openalex.org/W2895328502","https://openalex.org/W2912459014","https://openalex.org/W2921826596","https://openalex.org/W2922061857","https://openalex.org/W2950217635","https://openalex.org/W2954657715","https://openalex.org/W2966447025","https://openalex.org/W2973629400","https://openalex.org/W2993509909","https://openalex.org/W2995065029","https://openalex.org/W2998838763","https://openalex.org/W3006478446","https://openalex.org/W3014300618","https://openalex.org/W3017816180","https://openalex.org/W3031837740","https://openalex.org/W3040457069","https://openalex.org/W3040602251","https://openalex.org/W3045041762","https://openalex.org/W3130195993","https://openalex.org/W3138521556","https://openalex.org/W3146142859","https://openalex.org/W3147712763","https://openalex.org/W3158847144","https://openalex.org/W3163359570","https://openalex.org/W3165192945","https://openalex.org/W3186296037","https://openalex.org/W3187314735","https://openalex.org/W3189363292","https://openalex.org/W3200090147","https://openalex.org/W3205435165","https://openalex.org/W3206460922","https://openalex.org/W3215156315","https://openalex.org/W4200070098","https://openalex.org/W4205592245","https://openalex.org/W4210442807","https://openalex.org/W4210636366","https://openalex.org/W4224308732","https://openalex.org/W4225134023","https://openalex.org/W4226292383","https://openalex.org/W4247528441","https://openalex.org/W6658244467","https://openalex.org/W6689143621","https://openalex.org/W6790285021","https://openalex.org/W6810708038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2443919745","https://openalex.org/W4246973704","https://openalex.org/W2418798809","https://openalex.org/W2014425043","https://openalex.org/W3003903932","https://openalex.org/W4252010996","https://openalex.org/W2024895637","https://openalex.org/W4232411315","https://openalex.org/W2070311887","https://openalex.org/W2115099528"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Surgical":[0],"simulation":[1,23],"practices":[2],"have":[3],"witnessed":[4],"a":[5,73,89,128,169],"rapid":[6],"expansion":[7],"as":[8],"an":[9],"invaluable":[10],"approach":[11],"to":[12,35,62,82,155,168],"resident":[13],"training":[14],"in":[15,47,70,116,151,177],"recent":[16],"years.":[17],"One":[18],"emerging":[19],"way":[20],"of":[21,27,56,68,85,104,120,127,131,172,175],"implementing":[22],"is":[24,61,188],"the":[25,57,66,83,102,118,125,140,173,183],"adoption":[26],"extended":[28],"reality":[29],"(XR)":[30],"technologies,":[31],"which":[32],"enable":[33],"trainees":[34],"hone":[36],"their":[37],"skills":[38],"by":[39,107],"allowing":[40],"interaction":[41],"with":[42,72],"virtual":[43,52],"3D":[44],"objects":[45],"placed":[46],"either":[48],"real-world":[49],"imagery":[50],"or":[51],"environments.":[53],"The":[54],"goal":[55],"present":[58],"systematic":[59],"review":[60,164],"survey":[63],"and":[64,98,134,158],"broach":[65],"topic":[67,141],"XR":[69,176],"neurosurgery,":[71],"focus":[74],"on":[75,94,139],"education.":[76],"Five":[77],"databases":[78],"were":[79],"investigated,":[80],"leading":[81],"inclusion":[84],"31":[86,109],"studies":[87,110],"after":[88],"thorough":[90],"reviewing":[91],"process.":[92],"Focusing":[93],"user":[95,99],"performance":[96],"(UP)":[97],"experience":[100],"(UX),":[101],"body":[103],"evidence":[105],"provided":[106],"these":[108],"showed":[111],"that":[112],"this":[113,163],"technology":[114],"has,":[115],"fact,":[117],"potential":[119],"enhancing":[121],"neurosurgical":[122,178],"education":[123],"through":[124],"use":[126,174],"wide":[129],"array":[130],"both":[132],"objective":[133],"subjective":[135],"metrics.":[136],"Recent":[137],"research":[138,187],"has":[142],"so":[143],"far":[144],"produced":[145],"solid":[146],"results,":[147],"particularly":[148],"showing":[149],"improvements":[150],"young":[152],"residents,":[153],"compared":[154],"other":[156],"groups":[157],"over":[159],"time.":[160],"In":[161],"conclusion,":[162],"not":[165],"only":[166],"aids":[167],"better":[170],"understanding":[171],"education,":[179],"but":[180],"also":[181,191],"highlights":[182],"areas":[184],"where":[185],"further":[186],"entailed":[189],"while":[190],"providing":[192],"valuable":[193],"insight":[194],"into":[195],"future":[196],"applications.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-09T15:46:55.921056","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}