{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4291825154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166041","title":"Fault Tolerance Structures in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs): Survey, Classification, and Future Directions","display_name":"Fault Tolerance Structures in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs): Survey, Classification, and Future Directions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4291825154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166041","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36015801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6041/pdf?version=1660726825","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6041/pdf?version=1660726825","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047652602","display_name":"Ghaihab Hassan Adday","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0392-0673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","display_name":"University of Basrah","ror":"https://ror.org/00840ea57","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["IQ","MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghaihab Hassan Adday","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer Science and Information System, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq","Department of Communication Technology and Network, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0392-0673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer Science and Information System, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Technology and Network, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103151508","display_name":"Shamala Subramaniam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9606-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamala K. Subramaniam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Technology and Network, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Technology and Network, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056464097","display_name":"Zuriati Ahmad Zukarnain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-6956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuriati Ahmad Zukarnain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Technology and Network, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-6956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Technology and Network, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086622661","display_name":"Normalia Samian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-8140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Normalia Samian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Technology and Network, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Technology and Network, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047652602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126633494","https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":8.9838,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98319696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"16","first_page":"6041","last_page":"6041"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9017999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.8206419944763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6761410236358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6220423579216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5567156672477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.544355571269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4782775342464447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.4338015615940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3585188388824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28729426860809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2834094166755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22928032279014587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.8206419944763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6761410236358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6220423579216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5567156672477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.544355571269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4782775342464447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.4338015615940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3585188388824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28729426860809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2834094166755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22928032279014587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6041/pdf?version=1660726825","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36015801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36015801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:101502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101502/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2332d2bac7c747029e75af54e1ca5246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2332d2bac7c747029e75af54e1ca5246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 16, p 6041 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/16/6041/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 16; Pages: 6041","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9415276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9415276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22166041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6041/pdf?version=1660726825","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313204","display_name":"University of Basrah","ror":"https://ror.org/00840ea57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322714","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4291825154.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4291825154.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":143,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W621107957","https://openalex.org/W914875445","https://openalex.org/W1518988595","https://openalex.org/W1974665270","https://openalex.org/W2000343048","https://openalex.org/W2011778831","https://openalex.org/W2013006011","https://openalex.org/W2014676149","https://openalex.org/W2049515520","https://openalex.org/W2054822856","https://openalex.org/W2071467991","https://openalex.org/W2104744734","https://openalex.org/W2109092038","https://openalex.org/W2110164062","https://openalex.org/W2111609524","https://openalex.org/W2144201174","https://openalex.org/W2154299843","https://openalex.org/W2156069717","https://openalex.org/W2164706953","https://openalex.org/W2175204221","https://openalex.org/W2247930756","https://openalex.org/W2411967963","https://openalex.org/W2480854076","https://openalex.org/W2483836486","https://openalex.org/W2499741707","https://openalex.org/W2512579852","https://openalex.org/W2518710472","https://openalex.org/W2520652855","https://openalex.org/W2548146996","https://openalex.org/W2549946132","https://openalex.org/W2575997792","https://openalex.org/W2579465349","https://openalex.org/W2596785231","https://openalex.org/W2641990852","https://openalex.org/W2743110731","https://openalex.org/W2750487218","https://openalex.org/W2753417149","https://openalex.org/W2766116619","https://openalex.org/W2766448842","https://openalex.org/W2767124896","https://openalex.org/W2767266276","https://openalex.org/W2767507316","https://openalex.org/W2767993828","https://openalex.org/W2773786103","https://openalex.org/W2792842571","https://openalex.org/W2793905273","https://openalex.org/W2801485297","https://openalex.org/W2804525556","https://openalex.org/W2806703298","https://openalex.org/W2809319753","https://openalex.org/W2809675618","https://openalex.org/W2886753213","https://openalex.org/W2891127092","https://openalex.org/W2894592380","https://openalex.org/W2901184246","https://openalex.org/W2912299859","https://openalex.org/W2914845509","https://openalex.org/W2917166509","https://openalex.org/W2920442144","https://openalex.org/W2921074017","https://openalex.org/W2928355247","https://openalex.org/W2933589034","https://openalex.org/W2951422264","https://openalex.org/W2969944044","https://openalex.org/W2971899880","https://openalex.org/W2974273973","https://openalex.org/W2977467663","https://openalex.org/W2978393370","https://openalex.org/W2980136536","https://openalex.org/W2980798298","https://openalex.org/W2989659172","https://openalex.org/W2998354971","https://openalex.org/W2998684783","https://openalex.org/W2999605766","https://openalex.org/W3009208521","https://openalex.org/W3010733570","https://openalex.org/W3010762099","https://openalex.org/W3010986235","https://openalex.org/W3013693214","https://openalex.org/W3014647211","https://openalex.org/W3015094792","https://openalex.org/W3015758093","https://openalex.org/W3018542065","https://openalex.org/W3019164525","https://openalex.org/W3022793038","https://openalex.org/W3023297937","https://openalex.org/W3025871292","https://openalex.org/W3031247845","https://openalex.org/W3033510541","https://openalex.org/W3033995050","https://openalex.org/W3036401580","https://openalex.org/W3042314349","https://openalex.org/W3043920320","https://openalex.org/W3048448303","https://openalex.org/W3049743939","https://openalex.org/W3084085440","https://openalex.org/W3084305799","https://openalex.org/W3089396755","https://openalex.org/W3091954686","https://openalex.org/W3092008631","https://openalex.org/W3092341284","https://openalex.org/W3092529593","https://openalex.org/W3094330920","https://openalex.org/W3096398821","https://openalex.org/W3100509370","https://openalex.org/W3103292138","https://openalex.org/W3111787684","https://openalex.org/W3112746517","https://openalex.org/W3116477926","https://openalex.org/W3119302445","https://openalex.org/W3120022811","https://openalex.org/W3120157483","https://openalex.org/W3121212066","https://openalex.org/W3123797382","https://openalex.org/W3124659894","https://openalex.org/W3126107949","https://openalex.org/W3128399630","https://openalex.org/W3134448011","https://openalex.org/W3135485667","https://openalex.org/W3135880764","https://openalex.org/W3137971730","https://openalex.org/W3150448979","https://openalex.org/W3152623568","https://openalex.org/W3161496740","https://openalex.org/W3162161377","https://openalex.org/W3162375478","https://openalex.org/W3166705498","https://openalex.org/W3173648836","https://openalex.org/W3177472232","https://openalex.org/W3194214317","https://openalex.org/W3200895695","https://openalex.org/W4205951169","https://openalex.org/W4206050122","https://openalex.org/W4210932668","https://openalex.org/W4213264031","https://openalex.org/W4214547634","https://openalex.org/W6666286008","https://openalex.org/W6745516718","https://openalex.org/W6761366545","https://openalex.org/W6787424576","https://openalex.org/W6790376597","https://openalex.org/W6809167436","https://openalex.org/W6884876305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W4205786897","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2070395303","https://openalex.org/W3020139090","https://openalex.org/W2100170515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13,156],"Industrial":[1],"Revolution":[2],"4.0":[3],"(IR":[4],"4.0)":[5],"has":[6,57,166,233],"drastically":[7],"impacted":[8],"how":[9],"the":[10,21,32,47,85,94,118,133,161,169,246,253,259,265,268,299,302],"world":[11],"operates.":[12],"Internet":[14],"of":[15,31,40,53,90,121,126,158,163,171,191,209,255,267,279],"Things":[16],"(IoT),":[17],"encompassed":[18],"significantly":[19],"by":[20,237],"Wireless":[22],"Sensor":[23],"Networks":[24],"(WSNs),":[25],"is":[26,68,101,218,295],"an":[27,41,186,206,239],"important":[28],"subsection":[29],"component":[30],"IR":[33],"4.0.":[34],"WSNs":[35],"are":[36],"a":[37,102],"good":[38],"demonstration":[39],"ambient":[42],"intelligence":[43,180],"vision,":[44],"in":[45,114],"which":[46,60,251],"environment":[48],"becomes":[49],"intelligent":[50],"and":[51,67,87,140,153,160,175,181,189,195,199,248,264,287,297],"aware":[52],"its":[54,62],"surroundings.":[55],"WSN":[56],"unique":[58],"features":[59],"create":[61],"own":[63],"distinct":[64],"network":[65,138,274],"attributes":[66],"deployed":[69],"widely":[70],"for":[71,226,272,301],"critical":[72,103],"real-time":[73],"applications":[74],"that":[75,105,132,243,281],"require":[76],"stringent":[77],"prerequisites":[78],"when":[79,110],"dealing":[80],"with":[81,117],"faults":[82],"to":[83,107,168],"ensure":[84,131],"avoidance":[86],"tolerance":[88,143,193,212,228],"management":[89],"catastrophic":[91],"outcomes.":[92],"Thus,":[93],"respective":[95],"underlying":[96],"Fault":[97,142],"Tolerance":[98],"(FT)":[99],"structure":[100],"requirement":[104],"needs":[106],"be":[108],"considered":[109],"designing":[111],"any":[112],"algorithm":[113,270],"WSNs.":[115],"Moreover,":[116],"exponential":[119],"evolution":[120],"IoT":[122],"systems,":[123],"substantial":[124],"enhancements":[125],"current":[127],"FT":[128],"mechanisms":[129],"will":[130],"system":[134],"constantly":[135],"provides":[136,185,298],"high":[137],"reliability":[139],"integrity.":[141],"structures":[144,174,194],"contain":[145],"three":[146],"fundamental":[147],"stages:":[148],"error":[149,151,154],"detection,":[150],"diagnosis,":[152],"recovery.":[155],"emergence":[157],"analytics":[159],"depth":[162],"harnessing":[164],"it":[165],"led":[167],"development":[170],"new":[172,247,277],"fault-tolerant":[173,261],"strategies":[176],"based":[177,214,291],"on":[178,215,245,292],"artificial":[179],"cloud-based.":[182],"This":[183],"survey":[184],"elaborate":[187],"classification":[188],"analysis":[190,208],"fault":[192,211,227],"their":[196],"essential":[197],"components":[198],"categorizes":[200],"errors":[201],"from":[202],"several":[203],"perspectives.":[204],"Subsequently,":[205],"extensive":[207],"existing":[210],"techniques":[213],"eight":[216],"constraints":[217],"presented.":[219],"Many":[220],"prior":[221],"studies":[222],"have":[223],"provided":[224],"classifications":[225],"systems.":[229],"However,":[230],"this":[231],"research":[232],"enhanced":[234,241],"these":[235],"reviews":[236,284],"proposing":[238],"extensively":[240,283],"categorization":[242],"depends":[244],"additional":[249],"metrics":[250],"include":[252],"number":[254],"sensor":[256],"nodes":[257],"engaged,":[258],"overall":[260],"approach":[262],"performance,":[263],"placement":[266],"principal":[269],"responsible":[271],"eliminating":[273],"errors.":[275],"A":[276],"taxonomy":[278],"comparison":[280],"also":[282],"previous":[285],"surveys":[286],"state-of-the-art":[288],"scientific":[289],"articles":[290],"different":[293],"factors":[294],"discussed":[296],"basis":[300],"proposed":[303],"open":[304],"issues.":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
