{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292451911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155900","title":"Implementation of Disassembler on Microcontroller Using Side-Channel Power Consumption Leakage","display_name":"Implementation of Disassembler on Microcontroller Using Side-Channel Power Consumption Leakage","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292451911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155900","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155900","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5900/pdf?version=1660211366","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5900/pdf?version=1660211366","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072687179","display_name":"Daehyeon Bae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-6710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daehyeon Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-6710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012853182","display_name":"Jaecheol Ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3730-5580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162706563","display_name":"Hoseo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qyd4k24","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162706563"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaecheol Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162706563"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012853182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162706563"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.7439,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68605039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"15","first_page":"5900","last_page":"5900"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.8837636709213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8173235654830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.6400731205940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5823697447776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.5438476204872131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.43927186727523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4198911488056183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15190598368644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.1471472978591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1323184370994568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.8837636709213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8173235654830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.6400731205940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5823697447776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.5438476204872131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.43927186727523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4198911488056183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15190598368644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.1471472978591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1323184370994568}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155900","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5900/pdf?version=1660211366","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35957457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e327ff2c59b84c58ab1ae8d039fecb48","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e327ff2c59b84c58ab1ae8d039fecb48","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 15, p 5900 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/15/5900/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 15; Pages: 5900","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9371420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9371420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155900","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5900/pdf?version=1660211366","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4363481772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1F1A1074358","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321369","display_name":"Hoseo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qyd4k24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292451911.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292451911.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29626722","https://openalex.org/W40446008","https://openalex.org/W1490557050","https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W1613874182","https://openalex.org/W1656651440","https://openalex.org/W1904723009","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2809072942","https://openalex.org/W3011039176","https://openalex.org/W3013492026","https://openalex.org/W3112169167","https://openalex.org/W3135047161","https://openalex.org/W3153001680","https://openalex.org/W3158365608","https://openalex.org/W3173502402","https://openalex.org/W4214907700","https://openalex.org/W4246853294","https://openalex.org/W4249254260","https://openalex.org/W4251361495","https://openalex.org/W4285152315","https://openalex.org/W6630162989","https://openalex.org/W6775708121","https://openalex.org/W6791454363","https://openalex.org/W6797326484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973637778","https://openalex.org/W1535498519","https://openalex.org/W2390365330","https://openalex.org/W2380628475","https://openalex.org/W2359368668","https://openalex.org/W2130731919","https://openalex.org/W2389298140","https://openalex.org/W2055097091","https://openalex.org/W2367409037","https://openalex.org/W2373226583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,8,30,44,65,77,88,103,107,136,146,154,159,163,166,176,180,201,208,220],"development":[2],"of":[3,10,18,48,51,67,80,102,140,165,214,230],"5G":[4],"and":[5,149,188,217,222,232],"network":[6],"technology,":[7],"usage":[9],"IoT":[11,20,56,82],"devices":[12,21],"has":[13],"become":[14],"popular.":[15],"Because":[16],"most":[17],"these":[19],"can":[22,39,84,129,206],"be":[23,85],"controlled":[24],"by":[25],"an":[26,81,127,131,212,228],"adversary":[27,128],"away":[28],"from":[29,106],"administrator,":[31],"several":[32,71],"security":[33],"issues":[34],"such":[35,63,144],"as":[36,64,145],"firmware":[37,118],"dumping":[38,42],"arise.":[40],"Firmware":[41],"is":[43,112],"cornerstone":[45],"or":[46],"goal":[47],"many":[49,55,117],"types":[50],"hardware":[52,68],"hacking.":[53],"Therefore,":[54],"device":[57,83,104],"manufacturers":[58],"adopt":[59],"some":[60],"protection":[61,119],"mechanisms":[62],"restriction":[66],"debuggers.":[69],"However,":[70],"recent":[72],"studies":[73],"have":[74],"shown":[75],"that":[76,99,200],"operating":[78,209],"instructions":[79,101,210],"recovered":[86],"through":[87,169],"profiling-based":[89],"side-channel":[90,108,177],"analysis.":[91,172],"The":[92,110],"Side-Channel-Based":[93],"Disassembler":[94],"(SCBD)":[95],"refers":[96],"to":[97,115],"software":[98],"recovers":[100],"only":[105],"signal.":[109],"SCBD":[111],"powerful":[113],"enough":[114],"defeat":[116],"mechanisms.":[120],"In":[121],"this":[122],"paper,":[123],"we":[124,156,174,226],"show":[125,199],"how":[126],"build":[130],"instruction":[132,160,170,193,203],"(opcode)-level":[133],"disassembler":[134],"using":[135,179],"power":[137],"consumption":[138],"signal":[139],"commercial":[141],"microcontrollers":[142],"(MCUs)":[143],"8-bit":[147],"ATxmega128":[148,221],"32-bit":[150],"STM32F0.":[151],"To":[152],"implement":[153],"SCBD,":[155],"elaborately":[157],"constructed":[158],"template":[161],"considering":[162],"pipeline":[164],"target":[167],"MCUs":[168],"sequence":[171],"Furthermore,":[173,225],"preprocessed":[175],"signals":[178],"Continuous":[181],"Wavelet":[182],"Transform":[183],"(CWT)":[184],"for":[185,192,219],"noise":[186],"reduction":[187],"Kullback-Leibler":[189],"Divergence":[190],"(KLD)":[191],"feature":[194],"extraction.":[195],"Our":[196],"experimental":[197],"results":[198],"machine-learning-based":[202],"disassembling":[204],"models":[205],"recover":[207],"with":[211],"accuracy":[213,229],"about":[215],"91.9%":[216],"98.6%":[218],"STM32F0,":[223],"respectively.":[224],"achieved":[227],"77%":[231],"96.5%":[233],"in":[234],"a":[235],"cross-board":[236],"validation.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}