{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290755280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155892","title":"Fuzzy Edge-Detection as a Preprocessing Layer in Deep Neural Networks for Guitar Classification","display_name":"Fuzzy Edge-Detection as a Preprocessing Layer in Deep Neural Networks for Guitar Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290755280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155892","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155892","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5892/pdf?version=1660031736","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5892/pdf?version=1660031736","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862406","display_name":"Cesar Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1555-2380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118730","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tijuana Institute of Technology/TECNM, Tijuana 22414, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tijuana Institute of Technology/TECNM, Tijuana 22414, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039248013","display_name":"Claudia I. Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1631-033X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118730","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claudia I. Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tijuana Institute of Technology/TECNM, Tijuana 22414, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tijuana Institute of Technology/TECNM, Tijuana 22414, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026337027","display_name":"Gabriela E. Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-1882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118730","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela E. Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tijuana Institute of Technology/TECNM, Tijuana 22414, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tijuana Institute of Technology/TECNM, Tijuana 22414, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039248013"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.8236,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67278936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"15","first_page":"5892","last_page":"5892"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8172093629837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prewitt-operator","display_name":"Prewitt operator","score":0.788006067276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6916523575782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5966722965240479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5697972178459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sobel-operator","display_name":"Sobel operator","score":0.5611807703971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5377683043479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.5025389194488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48165690898895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4676356613636017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.45651838183403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3091351389884949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17963719367980957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8172093629837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155012704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451898","display_name":"Prewitt operator","level":5,"score":0.788006067276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6916523575782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5966722965240479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5697972178459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30703548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757673","display_name":"Sobel operator","level":5,"score":0.5611807703971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5377683043479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.5025389194488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48165690898895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4676356613636017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.45651838183403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3091351389884949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17963719367980957}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155892","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5892/pdf?version=1660031736","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35957448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9371199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9371199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:687ceda8b18b403cbeba5969eea05348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/687ceda8b18b403cbeba5969eea05348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 15, p 5892 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/15/5892/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 15; Pages: 5892","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155892","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5892/pdf?version=1660031736","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313760","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290755280.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290755280.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W619316120","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1974636804","https://openalex.org/W1989665358","https://openalex.org/W2018162007","https://openalex.org/W2019831869","https://openalex.org/W2020312932","https://openalex.org/W2056710597","https://openalex.org/W2058710513","https://openalex.org/W2067120069","https://openalex.org/W2079325629","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2153676086","https://openalex.org/W2172115781","https://openalex.org/W2551000308","https://openalex.org/W2559880525","https://openalex.org/W2560282037","https://openalex.org/W2758007480","https://openalex.org/W2765921511","https://openalex.org/W2783599155","https://openalex.org/W2794356790","https://openalex.org/W2811017511","https://openalex.org/W2884821113","https://openalex.org/W2914276702","https://openalex.org/W2968076354","https://openalex.org/W2978224312","https://openalex.org/W2989815065","https://openalex.org/W3010373912","https://openalex.org/W3013268379","https://openalex.org/W3014749965","https://openalex.org/W3022921472","https://openalex.org/W3027543813","https://openalex.org/W3097639867","https://openalex.org/W3137382597","https://openalex.org/W3158708384","https://openalex.org/W3172778143","https://openalex.org/W4206252062","https://openalex.org/W4214892040","https://openalex.org/W4214922663","https://openalex.org/W4224545492","https://openalex.org/W4233246952","https://openalex.org/W4246019501","https://openalex.org/W4281922270","https://openalex.org/W6640448891","https://openalex.org/W6748109582","https://openalex.org/W6748858241","https://openalex.org/W6770526292","https://openalex.org/W6791851800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545393398","https://openalex.org/W2378692644","https://openalex.org/W2379894902","https://openalex.org/W2558461544","https://openalex.org/W1495469551","https://openalex.org/W2385342205","https://openalex.org/W2064144473","https://openalex.org/W2367298911","https://openalex.org/W2348584852","https://openalex.org/W4225576506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1,44,100,113],"networks":[2],"have":[3],"demonstrated":[4],"the":[5,32,39,68,95,118,142,151,164],"capability":[6],"of":[7,34,41,62,70,155,186],"solving":[8],"classification":[9,105],"problems":[10],"using":[11],"hierarchical":[12],"models,":[13,176],"and":[14,38,89,109,131,135,138,168],"fuzzy":[15,35,81,85,87,90,147],"image":[16,36],"preprocessing":[17,148,166],"has":[18],"proven":[19],"to":[20,51,56,66,102,116,163,191],"be":[21],"efficient":[22],"in":[23,27,141,183],"handling":[24],"uncertainty":[25],"found":[26],"images.":[28,193],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"presents":[31],"combination":[33],"edge-detection":[37,82,121],"usage":[40],"a":[42,47,98,104,170,181],"convolutional":[43,99,112],"network":[45,101,114],"for":[46],"computer":[48],"vision":[49],"system":[50],"classify":[52],"guitar":[53],"types":[54],"according":[55],"their":[57,126],"body":[58],"model.":[59],"The":[60,146],"focus":[61],"this":[63],"investigation":[64],"is":[65],"compare":[67,110],"effects":[69],"performing":[71],"image-preprocessing":[72],"techniques":[73,122],"on":[74],"raw":[75],"data":[76],"(non-normalized":[77],"images)":[78],"with":[79,136,173],"different":[80],"methods,":[83],"specifically":[84],"Sobel,":[86],"Prewitt,":[88,130],"morphological":[91,132],"gradient,":[92],"before":[93],"feeding":[94],"images":[96,140],"into":[97],"perform":[103],"task.":[106,119],"We":[107],"propose":[108],"two":[111],"architectures":[115],"solve":[117],"Fuzzy":[120],"are":[123],"compared":[124,162,190],"against":[125,169],"classical":[127,165],"counterparts":[128],"(Sobel,":[129],"gradient":[133],"edge-detection)":[134],"grayscale":[137],"color":[139,144],"RGB":[143,192],"space.":[145],"methodologies":[149,167],"highlight":[150],"most":[152],"essential":[153],"features":[154],"each":[156],"image,":[157],"achieving":[158,180],"favorable":[159],"results":[160],"when":[161],"pre-trained":[171],"model":[172],"both":[174],"proposed":[175],"as":[177,179],"well":[178],"reduction":[182],"training":[184],"times":[185],"more":[187],"than":[188],"20%":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}