{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290755139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155853","title":"Crop Mapping Using the Historical Crop Data Layer and Deep Neural Networks: A Case Study in Jilin Province, China","display_name":"Crop Mapping Using the Historical Crop Data Layer and Deep Neural Networks: A Case Study in Jilin Province, China","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290755139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155853","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155853","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5853/pdf?version=1659691009","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5853/pdf?version=1659691009","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075399746","display_name":"Deyang Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-9320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deyang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103100390","display_name":"Shengbo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5399-709X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shengbo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048254550","display_name":"Juliana Useya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-0148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153455119","display_name":"University of Zimbabwe","ror":"https://ror.org/04ze6rb18","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153455119"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juliana Useya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Harare P.O. Box MP167, Zimbabwe"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Harare P.O. Box MP167, Zimbabwe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153455119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022099839","display_name":"Lisai Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9897-9732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisai Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072791083","display_name":"Tianqi Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090744","display_name":"Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/00jaxam28","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974","https://openalex.org/I4210090744"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianqi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090744","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103100390"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210134929"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.2043,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8722225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"15","first_page":"5853","last_page":"5853"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6800284385681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6324588656425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5679613947868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5201849937438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5155301094055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5130928754806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4965360760688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49307748675346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohens-kappa","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","score":0.46519148349761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45478829741477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.42988649010658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38007020950317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3369663655757904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1651575267314911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.09486791491508484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6800284385681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6324588656425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5679613947868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5201849937438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5155301094055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5130928754806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4965360760688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49307748675346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.46519148349761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45478829741477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.42988649010658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38007020950317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3369663655757904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1651575267314911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.09486791491508484}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155853","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5853/pdf?version=1659691009","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35957410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:55ef86db568f4316b581e2c33752feb8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/55ef86db568f4316b581e2c33752feb8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 15, p 5853 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/15/5853/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 15; Pages: 5853","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9371029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9371029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155853","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5853/pdf?version=1659691009","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700328094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFA0714103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8826594543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2020YFA0714103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290755139.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290755139.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W561088580","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1534477342","https://openalex.org/W1690427404","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1958891813","https://openalex.org/W1990809012","https://openalex.org/W1998281138","https://openalex.org/W2001510610","https://openalex.org/W2008085934","https://openalex.org/W2021276683","https://openalex.org/W2025328644","https://openalex.org/W2030165874","https://openalex.org/W2031340414","https://openalex.org/W2032667441","https://openalex.org/W2042692910","https://openalex.org/W2056435747","https://openalex.org/W2075271931","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2247062920","https://openalex.org/W2345307284","https://openalex.org/W2531168480","https://openalex.org/W2552805558","https://openalex.org/W2556565539","https://openalex.org/W2584952387","https://openalex.org/W2619820913","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2736036091","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2768821164","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2790013045","https://openalex.org/W2791592925","https://openalex.org/W2793927960","https://openalex.org/W2890565173","https://openalex.org/W2897285410","https://openalex.org/W2900217217","https://openalex.org/W2903282641","https://openalex.org/W2904542630","https://openalex.org/W2907092121","https://openalex.org/W2948221013","https://openalex.org/W2950857612","https://openalex.org/W2955666723","https://openalex.org/W2962843773","https://openalex.org/W2982365707","https://openalex.org/W2982979286","https://openalex.org/W2991488782","https://openalex.org/W2996690471","https://openalex.org/W3037002701","https://openalex.org/W3127347439","https://openalex.org/W3205696749","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6641242172","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6741198335","https://openalex.org/W6757177771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200112873","https://openalex.org/W2955796858","https://openalex.org/W4224941037","https://openalex.org/W2004826645","https://openalex.org/W3135818052","https://openalex.org/W2889302474","https://openalex.org/W4366990902","https://openalex.org/W4317732970","https://openalex.org/W4388550696","https://openalex.org/W4313289487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,61,109],"combined":[2,231],"with":[3,148,168,177,245],"satellite":[4],"image":[5],"time":[6,116,182,212,232],"series":[7,117,213,233],"can":[8,279],"quickly,":[9],"and":[10,18,40,102,114,140,152,158,164,191,198,248,273,285,298,307],"reliably":[11],"be":[12,303],"implemented":[13],"to":[14,71,78,91,237],"map":[15],"crop":[16,50,67,94,282],"distribution":[17,51,95],"growth":[19,179,204],"monitoring":[20],"necessary":[21],"for":[22,34,93,111,305],"food":[23],"security.":[24],"However,":[25],"obtaining":[26],"a":[27,112,169],"large":[28],"number":[29],"of":[30,49,75,81,106,162,180,214,234,290,300],"field":[31,249,291],"survey":[32],"samples":[33,76],"classifier":[35],"training":[36],"is":[37,195,206],"often":[38],"time-consuming":[39],"costly,":[41],"which":[42],"results":[43,121],"in":[44,97,186,201,276],"the":[45,64,79,129,145,159,172,178,181,189,193,199,202,209,239,253,262,268,281,288],"very":[46],"slow":[47],"production":[48],"maps.":[52],"To":[53],"overcome":[54],"this":[55,277],"challenge,":[56],"we":[57],"propose":[58],"an":[59],"ensemble":[60],"approach":[62],"from":[63,89],"existing":[65,246],"historical":[66],"data":[68,271],"layer":[69],"(CDL)":[70],"automatically":[72],"create":[73],"multitudes":[74],"according":[77],"rules":[80],"spatiotemporal":[82],"sample":[83,270],"selection.":[84],"Sentinel-2":[85],"monthly":[86],"composite":[87],"images":[88],"2017":[90],"2019":[92],"mapping":[96,210,283,306],"Jilin":[98],"Province":[99],"were":[100,118,223],"mosaicked":[101],"classified.":[103],"Classification":[104],"accuracies":[105],"four":[107],"machine":[108,143],"algorithms":[110],"single-month":[113],"multi-month":[115],"compared.":[119],"The":[120],"show":[122],"that":[123,267],"deep":[124],"neural":[125],"network":[126],"(DNN)":[127],"performed":[128],"best,":[130],"followed":[131,256],"by":[132,257],"random":[133],"forest":[134],"(RF),":[135],"then":[136,192],"decision":[137],"tree":[138],"(DT),":[139],"support":[141],"vector":[142],"(SVM)":[144],"least.":[146],"Compared":[147,167],"other":[149],"months,":[150],"July":[151],"August":[153,187],"have":[154,261],"higher":[155],"classification":[156,219],"accuracy,":[157],"kappa":[160,173],"coefficients":[161],"0.78":[163],"0.79,":[165],"respectively.":[166],"single":[170],"phase,":[171],"coefficient":[174],"gradually":[175],"increases":[176],"series,":[183],"reaching":[184],"0.94":[185],"at":[188],"earliest,":[190],"increase":[194],"not":[196],"obvious,":[197],"highest":[200,254],"whole":[203],"cycle":[205],"0.95.":[207],"During":[208],"process,":[211],"different":[215,218],"lengths":[216,236],"produced":[217],"results.":[220],"Wetland":[221],"types":[222,299],"misclassified":[224,240],"as":[225],"rice.":[226],"In":[227],"such":[228],"cases,":[229],"authors":[230],"two":[235],"correct":[238],"rice":[241,251],"types.":[242],"By":[243],"comparing":[244],"products":[247],"points,":[250],"has":[252],"consistency,":[255],"corn,":[258],"whereas":[259],"soybeans":[260],"least":[263],"consistency.":[264],"This":[265],"shows":[266],"generated":[269],"set":[272],"trained":[274],"model":[275],"research":[278],"meet":[280],"accuracy":[284],"simultaneously":[286],"reduce":[287],"cost":[289],"surveys.":[292],"For":[293],"further":[294],"research,":[295],"more":[296],"years":[297],"crops":[301],"should":[302],"considered":[304],"validation.":[308]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}