{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289939972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155846","title":"High-Frequency Current Transformers Cascade for Power Electronics Measurements","display_name":"High-Frequency Current Transformers Cascade for Power Electronics Measurements","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289939972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155846","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155846","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5846/pdf?version=1659665865","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5846/pdf?version=1659665865","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035575642","display_name":"Maciej Chojowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-0945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Chojowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Power Electronics and Energy Control Systems, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-0945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Power Electronics and Energy Control Systems, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015974893","display_name":"M. Baszy\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8145-1337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Baszy\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Power Electronics and Energy Control Systems, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8145-1337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Power Electronics and Energy Control Systems, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058816293","display_name":"Robert Sosnowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6120-5155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Sosnowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Power Electronics and Energy Control Systems, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Power Electronics and Energy Control Systems, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050121625","display_name":"Aleksander Dziadecki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8152-6332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksander Dziadecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Power Electronics and Energy Control Systems, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Power Electronics and Energy Control Systems, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035575642"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6463,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6652333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"15","first_page":"5846","last_page":"5846"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12692","display_name":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12692","display_name":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-transformer","display_name":"Current transformer","score":0.8632410764694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.6668224930763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6142220497131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5784063339233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5019989013671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-electronics","display_name":"Power electronics","score":0.5005359649658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39539384841918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.38920098543167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38187554478645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3457511067390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.33434295654296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12018129229545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12008383870124817}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133770746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856535","display_name":"Current transformer","level":4,"score":0.8632410764694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.6668224930763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6142220497131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5784063339233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5019989013671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178911571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593143","display_name":"Power electronics","level":3,"score":0.5005359649658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39539384841918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38920098543167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38187554478645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3457511067390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.33434295654296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12018129229545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12008383870124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155846","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5846/pdf?version=1659665865","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35957400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:11065304d3e04053928726cf4bedaab1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/11065304d3e04053928726cf4bedaab1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 15, p 5846 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/15/5846/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 15; Pages: 5846","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9370990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9370990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155846","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5846/pdf?version=1659665865","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289939972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289939972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480123206","https://openalex.org/W2010778430","https://openalex.org/W2056724666","https://openalex.org/W2062671272","https://openalex.org/W2098727463","https://openalex.org/W2099108968","https://openalex.org/W2117411556","https://openalex.org/W2130137744","https://openalex.org/W2138863621","https://openalex.org/W2139722964","https://openalex.org/W2152470603","https://openalex.org/W2324417559","https://openalex.org/W2578059947","https://openalex.org/W2604232289","https://openalex.org/W2969483179","https://openalex.org/W3022749365","https://openalex.org/W3178695335","https://openalex.org/W4205192857","https://openalex.org/W4211183045","https://openalex.org/W4285245279","https://openalex.org/W4285786398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153719181","https://openalex.org/W1971748923","https://openalex.org/W2060986072","https://openalex.org/W1566155057","https://openalex.org/W2052574922","https://openalex.org/W2065045110","https://openalex.org/W64588465","https://openalex.org/W3120641340","https://openalex.org/W2117825986","https://openalex.org/W4310521317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-frequency":[0],"current":[1,90],"transformers":[2],"(HFCT)":[3],"are":[4,14,26,46],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,35,68,130],"measure":[8],"fast":[9],"transient":[10],"current.":[11],"Their":[12,21],"advantages":[13],"simple":[15],"structure":[16],"and":[17,23,49,81,103,122,139,150],"relatively":[18],"moderate":[19],"price.":[20],"lower":[22],"upper":[24],"bandwidth":[25],"limited,":[27],"but":[28],"the":[29,84,86,99,104,136,154],"HFCT":[30,45,77],"can":[31],"be":[32,131],"easily":[33],"applied":[34],"many":[36],"measuring":[37],"applications":[38],"in":[39,108,128],"power":[40],"electronics.":[41],"The":[42,53,72,95],"disadvantages":[43],"of":[44,58,62,74,98,115,141,148,153],"substantial":[47],"dimensions":[48],"a":[50,56,59,109,116,145],"large":[51],"weight.":[52],"paper":[54,134],"proposes":[55],"system":[57],"cascade":[60,117],"connection":[61,119],"two":[63],"transformers,":[64],"which":[65],"allows":[66],"us":[67],"reduce":[69],"these":[70],"disadvantages.":[71],"properties":[73],"such":[75],"an":[76],"combination":[78],"were":[79,106],"investigated":[80],"described.":[82],"In":[83],"article,":[85],"expression":[87],"for":[88,125],"double":[89],"transformer":[91],"transmittances":[92],"is":[93],"derived.":[94],"frequency":[96],"response":[97],"sensor":[100],"was":[101,120],"determined,":[102],"results":[105,140],"verified":[107],"practical":[110],"arrangement.":[111],"An":[112],"experimental":[113],"setup":[114],"CT":[118],"made":[121],"tested,":[123],"allowing":[124],"fast-changing":[126],"signals":[127],"transients":[129],"measured.":[132],"This":[133],"presents":[135],"theoretical":[137],"basis":[138],"laboratory":[142],"work":[143],"on":[144],"wide":[146],"range":[147],"static":[149],"dynamic":[151],"tests":[152],"proposed":[155],"sensor.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T10:00:31.954636","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
