{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289860827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155842","title":"Reliable Data Collection Methodology for Face Recognition in Preschool Children","display_name":"Reliable Data Collection Methodology for Face Recognition in Preschool Children","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289860827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155842","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155842","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5842/pdf?version=1660221212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5842/pdf?version=1660221212","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031270663","display_name":"Hye-min Won","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hye-min Won","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-si 16499, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-si 16499, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066559300","display_name":"Hyeogjin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-9135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeogjin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, RICS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-9135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, RICS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088614275","display_name":"Gyuwon Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120602","display_name":"Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01w62yz22","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4210120602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyuwon Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon-si 16229, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-0370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon-si 16229, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088243656","display_name":"Yeonghun Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49946491","display_name":"Hyundai Motors (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/016kvft77","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197312522","https://openalex.org/I49946491"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeonghun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Planning Team, Hyundai Motor Company, Uiwang-si 16082, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Planning Team, Hyundai Motor Company, Uiwang-si 16082, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49946491"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084897975","display_name":"Nojun Kwak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1792-0327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nojun Kwak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, RICS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1792-0327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, RICS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084897975"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.4049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55327952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"15","first_page":"5842","last_page":"5842"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.5908128619194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4867439270019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47306883335113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3481571674346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3423731327056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3376705050468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3079245686531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12777864933013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10089847445487976}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.5908128619194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4867439270019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47306883335113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3481571674346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3423731327056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3376705050468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3079245686531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12777864933013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10089847445487976}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010290","descriptor_name":"Parents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010290","descriptor_name":"Parents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010290","descriptor_name":"Parents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155842","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5842/pdf?version=1660221212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35957397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ffd1d10997e6448e855f9986ef5ffe8a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ffd1d10997e6448e855f9986ef5ffe8a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 15, p 5842 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/15/5842/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 15; Pages: 5842","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9371031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9371031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:s-space.snu.ac.kr:10371/205449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10371/205449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401345","display_name":"Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","host_organization_name":"Seoul National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155842","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5842/pdf?version=1660221212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289860827.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34163073","https://openalex.org/W1599238028","https://openalex.org/W2020447345","https://openalex.org/W2025911912","https://openalex.org/W2063770887","https://openalex.org/W2064522660","https://openalex.org/W2067425370","https://openalex.org/W2096086610","https://openalex.org/W2118664399","https://openalex.org/W2155297172","https://openalex.org/W2155788747","https://openalex.org/W2170564321","https://openalex.org/W2324187321","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2396923166","https://openalex.org/W2404498690","https://openalex.org/W2549698946","https://openalex.org/W2572045081","https://openalex.org/W2739207911","https://openalex.org/W2785328730","https://openalex.org/W2789467142","https://openalex.org/W2954645586","https://openalex.org/W2963976704","https://openalex.org/W2964150091","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2972163947","https://openalex.org/W3024637412","https://openalex.org/W3034552680","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3212323791","https://openalex.org/W6715137882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186048469","https://openalex.org/W1967509846","https://openalex.org/W3029267192","https://openalex.org/W4308662946","https://openalex.org/W2941073738","https://openalex.org/W2189632163","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W2347824352","https://openalex.org/W2112875849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"face":[1,56,80,104,116],"datasets":[2],"target":[3],"adults":[4],"who":[5],"can":[6],"make":[7],"their":[8],"own":[9],"decisions.":[10],"In":[11,47,67],"the":[12,35,75,93,109,115],"case":[13],"of":[14,37,58,118],"children,":[15],"consent":[16],"from":[17],"parents":[18],"or":[19],"guardians":[20],"is":[21,41],"necessary":[22],"to":[23,73,78,97,100],"collect":[24],"biometric":[25],"information,":[26],"thus":[27],"making":[28],"it":[29],"very":[30],"difficult.":[31],"As":[32],"a":[33,52,102],"result,":[34],"amount":[36],"data":[38,57],"on":[39,82],"children":[40,60,83],"quite":[42],"small":[43],"and":[44,95,106],"inevitably":[45],"private.":[46],"this":[48],"work,":[49],"we":[50,69],"built":[51],"database":[53],"by":[54,84],"collecting":[55],"74":[59],"aged":[61],"2-7":[62],"years":[63],"in":[64,87],"daycare":[65],"facilities.":[66],"addition,":[68],"conducted":[70],"an":[71],"experiment":[72],"determine":[74],"best":[76],"location":[77],"perform":[79],"recognition":[81,117],"installing":[85],"cameras":[86],"various":[88],"locations.":[89],"This":[90],"study":[91],"presents":[92],"points":[94],"methods":[96],"be":[98],"considered":[99],"build":[101],"children's":[103],"dataset":[105],"also":[107],"studies":[108],"optimal":[110],"camera":[111],"installation":[112],"setups":[113],"for":[114],"children.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
