{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288721295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155670","title":"Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Systems for Glucose Monitoring in Biofluids: A Review","display_name":"Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Systems for Glucose Monitoring in Biofluids: A Review","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288721295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155670","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155670","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5670/pdf?version=1659313446","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5670/pdf?version=1659313446","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101678928","display_name":"Jie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-7391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-7391","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081194373","display_name":"Zupeng Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zupeng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682219","display_name":"Qingjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9442-9355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100682219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.5296,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90161306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"15","first_page":"5670","last_page":"5670"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48852550983428955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48852550983428955}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005947","descriptor_name":"Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005947","descriptor_name":"Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005947","descriptor_name":"Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015190","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015190","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015190","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155670","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5670/pdf?version=1659313446","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35957227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fe3e6cba902d4bc9ba0da91ad5b67951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fe3e6cba902d4bc9ba0da91ad5b67951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 15, p 5670 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/15/5670/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 15; Pages: 5670","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9371187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9371187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155670","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5670/pdf?version=1659313446","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288721295.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288721295.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":132,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508651263","https://openalex.org/W1544539949","https://openalex.org/W1550499564","https://openalex.org/W1595044094","https://openalex.org/W1599923190","https://openalex.org/W1971694648","https://openalex.org/W1974210454","https://openalex.org/W1992512996","https://openalex.org/W1998078911","https://openalex.org/W2006279832","https://openalex.org/W2011922821","https://openalex.org/W2013571151","https://openalex.org/W2017678602","https://openalex.org/W2017758961","https://openalex.org/W2036127635","https://openalex.org/W2041463870","https://openalex.org/W2055463274","https://openalex.org/W2057104805","https://openalex.org/W2074166645","https://openalex.org/W2074902741","https://openalex.org/W2095076464","https://openalex.org/W2097210248","https://openalex.org/W2097332491","https://openalex.org/W2097395605","https://openalex.org/W2112780055","https://openalex.org/W2126894998","https://openalex.org/W2127658050","https://openalex.org/W2128266367","https://openalex.org/W2129815286","https://openalex.org/W2136334282","https://openalex.org/W2139138352","https://openalex.org/W2141594798","https://openalex.org/W2153028986","https://openalex.org/W2161488578","https://openalex.org/W2164620477","https://openalex.org/W2172502596","https://openalex.org/W2191247297","https://openalex.org/W2359598191","https://openalex.org/W2507606616","https://openalex.org/W2543444800","https://openalex.org/W2553413222","https://openalex.org/W2592157665","https://openalex.org/W2594844894","https://openalex.org/W2608844288","https://openalex.org/W2618316265","https://openalex.org/W2621353408","https://openalex.org/W2732436147","https://openalex.org/W2735692260","https://openalex.org/W2743114258","https://openalex.org/W2745568596","https://openalex.org/W2750884239","https://openalex.org/W2766873441","https://openalex.org/W2767338841","https://openalex.org/W2767735838","https://openalex.org/W2768468300","https://openalex.org/W2782857000","https://openalex.org/W2803548015","https://openalex.org/W2804896947","https://openalex.org/W2808512703","https://openalex.org/W2811120166","https://openalex.org/W2886171112","https://openalex.org/W2886783312","https://openalex.org/W2887684278","https://openalex.org/W2898045499","https://openalex.org/W2898110864","https://openalex.org/W2908032197","https://openalex.org/W2911557092","https://openalex.org/W2914139830","https://openalex.org/W2917130660","https://openalex.org/W2930542685","https://openalex.org/W2942017874","https://openalex.org/W2944569697","https://openalex.org/W2945247555","https://openalex.org/W2954792481","https://openalex.org/W2965760540","https://openalex.org/W2978932042","https://openalex.org/W2982051194","https://openalex.org/W2998968676","https://openalex.org/W3002048497","https://openalex.org/W3005090711","https://openalex.org/W3006183395","https://openalex.org/W3013994763","https://openalex.org/W3017605837","https://openalex.org/W3018023035","https://openalex.org/W3037692619","https://openalex.org/W3039603402","https://openalex.org/W3048679509","https://openalex.org/W3049719712","https://openalex.org/W3084056592","https://openalex.org/W3088453865","https://openalex.org/W3089746493","https://openalex.org/W3091542356","https://openalex.org/W3092446774","https://openalex.org/W3094840287","https://openalex.org/W3106856419","https://openalex.org/W3110820739","https://openalex.org/W3112227019","https://openalex.org/W3127526520","https://openalex.org/W3128074789","https://openalex.org/W3137844657","https://openalex.org/W3138351834","https://openalex.org/W3142960076","https://openalex.org/W3155150693","https://openalex.org/W3159183786","https://openalex.org/W3161047097","https://openalex.org/W3162303662","https://openalex.org/W3166631866","https://openalex.org/W3186730886","https://openalex.org/W3201480657","https://openalex.org/W3206261560","https://openalex.org/W3206847507","https://openalex.org/W3210857070","https://openalex.org/W4200323538","https://openalex.org/W4200411099","https://openalex.org/W4205278823","https://openalex.org/W4205771812","https://openalex.org/W4205821784","https://openalex.org/W4206157260","https://openalex.org/W4206387816","https://openalex.org/W4206935335","https://openalex.org/W4207018047","https://openalex.org/W4213420944","https://openalex.org/W4214520323","https://openalex.org/W4223502833","https://openalex.org/W4223560142","https://openalex.org/W4224254052","https://openalex.org/W4244507601","https://openalex.org/W4251857280","https://openalex.org/W4280496359","https://openalex.org/W4280609911","https://openalex.org/W6737011102","https://openalex.org/W6844775345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,134],"vital":[2],"biomarker,":[3],"glucose":[4,16,45,68,83],"plays":[5],"an":[6,20],"important":[7,21],"role":[8],"in":[9,23,58,66,86,111],"multiple":[10,131],"physiological":[11],"and":[12,36,42,60,80,98,133],"pathological":[13],"processes.":[14],"Thus,":[15],"detection":[17,129],"has":[18],"become":[19],"direction":[22],"the":[24,61,74,90,104,109],"electrochemical":[25,44,67,82],"analysis":[26],"field.":[27],"In":[28,50,103],"order":[29],"to":[30],"realize":[31],"more":[32],"convenient,":[33],"real-time,":[34],"comfortable":[35],"accurate":[37],"monitoring,":[38],"smartphone-based":[39,77],"portable,":[40,78],"wearable":[41,79],"implantable":[43,81],"monitoring":[46,84],"is":[47],"progressing":[48],"rapidly.":[49],"this":[51,71,112],"review,":[52],"we":[53,114],"firstly":[54],"introduce":[55],"technologies":[56,65,100],"integrated":[57],"smartphones":[59],"advantages":[62],"of":[63,76,122,130],"these":[64],"detection.":[69],"Subsequently,":[70],"overview":[72],"illustrates":[73],"advances":[75],"systems":[85],"diverse":[87],"biofluids":[88],"over":[89],"last":[91,105],"ten":[92],"years":[93],"(2012-2022).":[94],"Specifically,":[95],"some":[96,116],"interesting":[97],"innovative":[99],"are":[101],"highlighted.":[102],"section,":[106],"after":[107],"discussing":[108],"challenges":[110],"field,":[113],"offer":[115],"future":[117],"directions,":[118],"such":[119],"as":[120],"application":[121],"advanced":[123],"nanomaterials,":[124],"novel":[125],"power":[126],"sources,":[127],"simultaneous":[128],"markers":[132],"closed-loop":[135],"system.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}