{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288720960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155658","title":"A Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Conditional Depth Convolution Countermeasure Generation Networks under Small Samples","display_name":"A Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Conditional Depth Convolution Countermeasure Generation Networks under Small Samples","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288720960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155658","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155658","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5658/pdf?version=1659079723","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5658/pdf?version=1659079723","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101647635","display_name":"Peng Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-5984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49934816","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04j3vr751","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","School of Computer, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115595722","display_name":"Shuting Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3198-739X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49934816","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04j3vr751","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029688473","display_name":"Changyun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3959-0680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49934816","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04j3vr751","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changyun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029688473"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.4631,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88888228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"15","first_page":"5658","last_page":"5658"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.7371492981910706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasure","display_name":"Countermeasure","score":0.7352775931358337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bearing","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","score":0.7220654487609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6015620231628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4919705092906952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4378885328769684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42220890522003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3717382550239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3581855297088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.35732507705688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34183263778686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31901922821998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.15683898329734802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.12012243270874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.07370156049728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.7371492981910706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.7352775931358337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199978012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273815","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.7220654487609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6015620231628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4919705092906952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4378885328769684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42220890522003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3717382550239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3581855297088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.35732507705688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34183263778686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31901922821998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.15683898329734802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.12012243270874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.07370156049728394}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155658","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5658/pdf?version=1659079723","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35957215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35957215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e1cb7781322849ae82b3b18db834b58c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e1cb7781322849ae82b3b18db834b58c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 15, p 5658 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/15/5658/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 15; Pages: 5658","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9370996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9370996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155658","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5658/pdf?version=1659079723","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5892783244","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8ePOC\u4e0eiDistance\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u88c5\u5907\u53ef\u6d4b\u6027\u5065\u5eb7\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6411682145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JJ30231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288720960.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288720960.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2770344288","https://openalex.org/W2940589124","https://openalex.org/W2952218682","https://openalex.org/W2954375590","https://openalex.org/W2979389376","https://openalex.org/W2981037163","https://openalex.org/W2997417149","https://openalex.org/W3000277878","https://openalex.org/W3015229244","https://openalex.org/W3021261417","https://openalex.org/W3047598527","https://openalex.org/W3081032406","https://openalex.org/W3116250684","https://openalex.org/W3127277566","https://openalex.org/W3134397144","https://openalex.org/W3143193367","https://openalex.org/W3190218712","https://openalex.org/W3205784568","https://openalex.org/W4281733075","https://openalex.org/W4281747251","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6782220639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378749186","https://openalex.org/W2364088131","https://openalex.org/W2362741838","https://openalex.org/W622044715","https://openalex.org/W2378994067","https://openalex.org/W2575656761","https://openalex.org/W2065631063","https://openalex.org/W2378667342","https://openalex.org/W2594567802","https://openalex.org/W2363739414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"at":[1,92],"the":[2,45,56,61,72,93,104,113,116,121,132,147,151,157,163,167,170,185,193,200,211,217,233,241],"problems":[3],"of":[4,47,60,81,95,115,123,139,150,162,169,225,245],"low":[5],"fault":[6,20,26,83,195,205,223,242],"diagnosis":[7,27,224,234],"accuracy":[8],"caused":[9],"by":[10,119,248],"insufficient":[11],"samples":[12],"and":[13,54,66,100,127,166,207,210,251],"unbalanced":[14],"data":[15,42,73,84,88,178,187,196,202,213],"sample":[16,57,87,106,177,208,253],"distribution":[17,188],"in":[18,103,173,236],"bearing":[19],"diagnosis,":[21],"this":[22,174,237],"paper":[23,238],"proposes":[24],"a":[25,78,181],"method":[28,235],"for":[29,40,85,222],"rolling":[30,226,246],"bearings":[31,247],"referencing":[32],"conditional":[33,48],"deep":[34],"convolution":[35,219],"adversarial":[36,64,153],"generative":[37,63,117,152,164],"networks":[38],"(C-DCGAN)":[39],"efficient":[41],"augmentation.":[43],"Firstly,":[44],"concept":[46],"constraints":[49,68],"is":[50,109,144],"used":[51,145],"to":[52,71,76,111,155],"guide":[53],"improve":[55,156,240],"generation":[58,74],"process":[59],"original":[62,201],"network,":[65],"specific":[67],"are":[69,214],"added":[70],"model":[75],"perform":[77],"balanced":[79,250],"expansion":[80],"muti-category":[82],"small":[86,182],"sets.":[89],"Secondly,":[90],"aiming":[91],"phenomena":[94],"training":[96,171],"instability,":[97],"gradient":[98,101],"disappearance":[99],"explosion":[102],"imbalanced":[105],"set,":[107],"it":[108],"proposed":[110],"optimize":[112],"structure":[114,122],"network":[118,154,165,221],"using":[120,131],"self-defined":[124],"skip":[125],"connections":[126],"spectral":[128],"normalization,":[129],"while":[130],"Wasserstein":[133],"distance":[134],"with":[135,179,203],"penalty":[136],"term":[137],"instead":[138],"cross":[140],"entropy.":[141],"The":[142,228],"function":[143,149],"as":[146],"loss":[148],"stable":[158],"feature":[159],"extraction":[160],"ability":[161],"effect":[168,244],"process;":[172],"way,":[175],"simulation":[176],"only":[180],"variation":[183],"from":[184],"real":[186],"can":[189,239],"be":[190],"generated.":[191],"Finally,":[192],"complete":[194],"set":[197],"(after":[198],"mixing":[199],"sufficient":[204,252],"category":[206],"number)":[209],"generated":[212],"input":[215],"into":[216],"one-dimensional":[218],"neural":[220],"bearing.":[227],"experiment's":[229],"results":[230],"show":[231],"that":[232],"classification":[243],"generating":[249],"data.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
