{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288053684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155565","title":"UNetGE: A U-Net-Based Software at Automatic Grain Extraction for Image Analysis of the Grain Size and Shape Characteristics","display_name":"UNetGE: A U-Net-Based Software at Automatic Grain Extraction for Image Analysis of the Grain Size and Shape Characteristics","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288053684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155565","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35898069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155565","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5565/pdf?version=1658822534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5565/pdf?version=1658822534","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102972354","display_name":"Ling Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-3298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ling Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-3298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082365525","display_name":"Tianbin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2167-586X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianbin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031372917","display_name":"Xiekang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0065-404X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767678","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02169wb20","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4391767678"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiekang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4391767678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689319","display_name":"Lei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2269-2912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024977685","display_name":"Peng Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5856-5491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054886139","display_name":"J. S. Herrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-244X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Scott Herrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facility for Analysis Characterization Testing Simulation, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facility for Analysis Characterization Testing Simulation, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102972354"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.4102,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54071534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"15","first_page":"5565","last_page":"5565"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13862","display_name":"Soil, Finite Element Methods","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6112725138664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-size","display_name":"Grain size","score":0.6086347103118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.6039856672286987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4501679539680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4256313443183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3885428011417389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.38408634066581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3580858111381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.3284297287464142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32763510942459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1973101794719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.12880784273147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.12655621767044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.12331366539001465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6112725138664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.6086347103118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6039856672286987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4501679539680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4256313443183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3885428011417389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38408634066581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3580858111381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.3284297287464142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32763510942459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1973101794719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.12880784273147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12655621767044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.12331366539001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002523","descriptor_name":"Edible Grain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002523","descriptor_name":"Edible Grain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002523","descriptor_name":"Edible Grain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155565","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5565/pdf?version=1658822534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35898069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35898069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b1b9dcb362c24c828e91ef95c1951cb9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b1b9dcb362c24c828e91ef95c1951cb9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 15, p 5565 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/15/5565/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 15; Pages: 5565","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9330053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9330053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22155565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155565","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5565/pdf?version=1658822534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2194102787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12075162","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2647141939","display_name":"\u897f\u5357\u5c71\u533a\u66b4\u96e8\u8bf1\u53d1\u6ce5\u6c99\u8865\u7ed9\u7a81\u53d8\u4e0b\u7684\u5c71\u6d2a\u707e\u5bb3\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"51639007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4875775453","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19A20111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5915226749","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42002294","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288053684.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288053684.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1913724018","https://openalex.org/W1974172801","https://openalex.org/W1977114321","https://openalex.org/W1978755829","https://openalex.org/W1991705563","https://openalex.org/W1997222320","https://openalex.org/W1998437147","https://openalex.org/W2007146506","https://openalex.org/W2009395936","https://openalex.org/W2011640499","https://openalex.org/W2034286165","https://openalex.org/W2060265407","https://openalex.org/W2077267127","https://openalex.org/W2115348482","https://openalex.org/W2127012547","https://openalex.org/W2130497470","https://openalex.org/W2131009103","https://openalex.org/W2132083787","https://openalex.org/W2159525271","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2172264860","https://openalex.org/W2177940066","https://openalex.org/W2419897289","https://openalex.org/W2486245515","https://openalex.org/W2495551755","https://openalex.org/W2502819853","https://openalex.org/W2551508872","https://openalex.org/W2626597925","https://openalex.org/W2753588555","https://openalex.org/W2775830586","https://openalex.org/W2795179477","https://openalex.org/W2900936384","https://openalex.org/W2911268982","https://openalex.org/W2969383098","https://openalex.org/W2970659708","https://openalex.org/W2982387717","https://openalex.org/W2986467139","https://openalex.org/W2993862083","https://openalex.org/W2999245682","https://openalex.org/W3022565501","https://openalex.org/W3103410359","https://openalex.org/W3130768325","https://openalex.org/W3132759519","https://openalex.org/W6766833806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160098310","https://openalex.org/W2092345799","https://openalex.org/W2435013365","https://openalex.org/W2377297411","https://openalex.org/W2371726547","https://openalex.org/W1993489104","https://openalex.org/W1963550873","https://openalex.org/W2561885201","https://openalex.org/W2142316462","https://openalex.org/W2369185268"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,42],"shape":[1,23],"and":[2,9,24,45,57,111,120,125,136,156,173,178,180],"the":[3,46,55,68,85,104,115,118,130,168],"size":[4,25],"of":[5,21,48,60,64,82,88,123,132,171],"grains":[6,76,113,147],"in":[7,30,51,74,148],"sediments":[8,172],"soils":[10,174],"have":[11],"a":[12,35,149,153],"significant":[13],"influence":[14],"on":[15,103,167],"their":[16,133,158,181],"engineering":[17,32,53,169],"properties.":[18],"Image":[19],"analysis":[20],"grain":[22,40,65],"has":[26],"been":[27],"increasingly":[28],"applied":[29,92],"geotechnical":[31,52],"to":[33,93,152],"provide":[34,157],"quantitative":[36],"statistical":[37],"description":[38],"for":[39],"morphologies.":[41,66],"statistic":[43],"robustness":[44],"era":[47],"big":[49],"data":[50,62],"require":[54],"quick":[56],"efficient":[58],"acquirement":[59],"large":[61],"sets":[63],"In":[67],"past":[69],"publications,":[70],"some":[71],"semi-automation":[72],"algorithms":[73],"extracting":[75],"from":[77,114],"images":[78],"may":[79],"cost":[80],"tens":[81],"minutes.":[83],"With":[84],"rapid":[86],"development":[87],"deep":[89],"learning":[90],"networks":[91],"earth":[94],"sciences,":[95],"we":[96],"develop":[97],"UNetGE":[98,142],"software":[99],"that":[100,141],"is":[101],"based":[102],"U-Net":[105],"architecture-a":[106],"fully":[107],"convolutional":[108],"network-to":[109],"recognize":[110],"segregate":[112],"matrix":[116],"using":[117],"electron":[119],"optical":[121],"microphotographs":[122],"rock":[124],"soil":[126],"thin":[127],"sections":[128],"or":[129],"photographs":[131],"hand":[134],"specimen":[135],"outcrops.":[137],"Resultantly,":[138],"it":[139],"shows":[140],"can":[143],"extract":[144],"approximately":[145],"300~1300":[146],"few":[150,154],"seconds":[151],"minutes":[155],"morphologic":[159],"parameters,":[160],"which":[161],"will":[162],"ably":[163],"assist":[164],"with":[165],"analyses":[166],"properties":[170],"(e.g.,":[175],"permeability,":[176],"strength,":[177],"expansivity)":[179],"hydraulic":[182],"characteristics.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
