{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285595743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145273","title":"Human Lower Limb Motion Capture and Recognition Based on Smartphones","display_name":"Human Lower Limb Motion Capture and Recognition Based on Smartphones","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285595743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145273","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35890952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22145273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145273","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5273/pdf?version=1657792967","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5273/pdf?version=1657792967","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001820238","display_name":"Lintao Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin-Tao Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China","School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-1581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070311717","display_name":"Michael Lawo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-5052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Lawo","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Graduate School for Dynamics in Logistics, Bremen University, 28359 Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Graduate School for Dynamics in Logistics, Bremen University, 28359 Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100430090","display_name":"Zhiguo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-5362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Guo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379058","display_name":"Haiying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8358-9065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai-Ying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100430090"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9805,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71477277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"14","first_page":"5273","last_page":"5273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7377569675445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.7371149063110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.688524603843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5984769463539124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyroscope","display_name":"Gyroscope","score":0.5763393640518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5632660388946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5463531017303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.5295599102973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-capture","display_name":"Motion capture","score":0.4961470067501068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4289076626300812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.41091442108154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.38562068343162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3202133774757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16067689657211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11427274346351624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.08300566673278809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7377569675445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.7371149063110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.688524603843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5984769463539124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.5763393640518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5632660388946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5463531017303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5295599102973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.4961470067501068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4289076626300812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.41091442108154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.38562068343162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3202133774757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16067689657211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11427274346351624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.08300566673278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22145273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145273","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5273/pdf?version=1657792967","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35890952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35890952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d73b969ceb7b479cb57a910fa9e59699","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d73b969ceb7b479cb57a910fa9e59699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 14, p 5273 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/14/5273/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 14; Pages: 5273","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9319117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9319117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22145273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145273","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5273/pdf?version=1657792967","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285595743.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285595743.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1932783937","https://openalex.org/W1975098739","https://openalex.org/W1976552421","https://openalex.org/W2030775554","https://openalex.org/W2117736292","https://openalex.org/W2127127580","https://openalex.org/W2316564986","https://openalex.org/W2550476060","https://openalex.org/W2625022521","https://openalex.org/W2749794192","https://openalex.org/W2766502997","https://openalex.org/W2774090517","https://openalex.org/W2912258320","https://openalex.org/W2913571126","https://openalex.org/W3006606210","https://openalex.org/W3036689711","https://openalex.org/W3080141250","https://openalex.org/W3175592415","https://openalex.org/W4206084855","https://openalex.org/W4226050069","https://openalex.org/W4235485727"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356006086","https://openalex.org/W2545168295","https://openalex.org/W2365897603","https://openalex.org/W4234814094","https://openalex.org/W2156308897","https://openalex.org/W4303613760","https://openalex.org/W2361871310","https://openalex.org/W2417246878","https://openalex.org/W1982154684","https://openalex.org/W2404620998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"motion":[1,17,22,38,50,71,80,112,134,159],"recognition":[2,41,182],"based":[3,43],"on":[4,44],"wearable":[5],"devices":[6],"plays":[7],"a":[8,34,45,49,84,89,152],"vital":[9],"role":[10],"in":[11],"pervasive":[12],"computing.":[13],"Smartphones":[14],"have":[15],"built-in":[16],"sensors":[18,72],"that":[19,166],"measure":[20],"the":[21,24,79,93,97,143,181],"of":[23,56,86,96,184],"device":[25],"with":[26,176],"high":[27],"precision.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"we":[32,148],"propose":[33],"human":[35,109,172],"lower":[36,110,132,173],"limb":[37,57,111,133,174],"capture":[39],"and":[40,66,82,107,124,138,150,187,192],"approach":[42,169],"Smartphone.":[46],"We":[47,77,105,129],"design":[48,149],"logger":[51],"to":[52,136,156],"record":[53],"five":[54],"categories":[55],"activities":[58,175],"(standing":[59],"up,":[60],"sitting":[61],"down,":[62],"walking,":[63],"going":[64,67],"upstairs,":[65],"downstairs)":[68],"using":[69,100,113,142],"two":[70],"(tri-axial":[73],"accelerometer,":[74],"tri-axial":[75],"gyroscope).":[76],"extract":[78],"features":[81,87],"select":[83],"subset":[85],"as":[88],"feature":[90],"vector":[91],"from":[92],"frequency":[94],"domain":[95],"sensing":[98],"data":[99],"Fast":[101],"Fourier":[102],"Transform":[103],"(FFT).":[104],"classify":[106],"predict":[108],"three":[114],"supervised":[115],"learning":[116],"algorithms:":[117],"Na\u00efve":[118],"Bayes":[119],"(NB),":[120],"K-Nearest":[121],"Neighbor":[122],"(KNN),":[123],"Artificial":[125],"Neural":[126],"Networks":[127],"(ANNs).":[128],"use":[130],"670":[131],"samples":[135],"train":[137],"verify":[139],"these":[140],"classifiers":[141],"10-folder":[144],"cross-validation":[145],"technique.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"implement":[151],"live":[153],"detection":[154,160],"system":[155],"validate":[157],"our":[158,167],"approach.":[161],"The":[162],"experimental":[163],"results":[164],"show":[165],"low-cost":[168],"can":[170],"recognize":[171],"acceptable":[177],"accuracy.":[178],"On":[179],"average,":[180],"rate":[183],"NB,":[185],"KNN,":[186],"ANNs":[188],"are":[189],"97.01%,":[190],"96.12%,":[191],"98.21%,":[193],"respectively.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-26T13:28:51.108037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}