{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285086906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145220","title":"A Computationally Efficient and Virtualization-Free Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation Method for Nested Planar Array: RD-Root-MUSIC Algorithm","display_name":"A Computationally Efficient and Virtualization-Free Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation Method for Nested Planar Array: RD-Root-MUSIC Algorithm","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285086906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145220","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35890900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22145220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145220","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5220/pdf?version=1657673913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5220/pdf?version=1657673913","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010369224","display_name":"Shengxinlai Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shengxinlai Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063462537","display_name":"Xin Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6281-5887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6281-5887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433450","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9311-1700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447052","display_name":"Xiaofei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-1987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010369224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.5797,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60443117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"14","first_page":"5220","last_page":"5220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6668190956115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.6091854572296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5849712491035461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5369647741317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5236401557922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.49647265672683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root","display_name":"Root (linguistics)","score":0.4938576817512512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.490726113319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar-array","display_name":"Planar array","score":0.44293108582496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.42171788215637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.41596120595932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3377137780189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29730796813964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08687633275985718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6668190956115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.6091854572296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5849712491035461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5369647741317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5236401557922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.49647265672683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171078966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111029","display_name":"Root (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4938576817512512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.490726113319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Planar array","level":2,"score":0.44293108582496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.42171788215637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41596120595932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3377137780189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29730796813964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08687633275985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22145220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145220","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5220/pdf?version=1657673913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35890900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35890900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2afc03a4e1b44dd292f5bb9aaa4f6e7a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2afc03a4e1b44dd292f5bb9aaa4f6e7a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 14, p 5220 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/14/5220/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 14; Pages: 5220","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9325100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9325100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22145220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145220","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5220/pdf?version=1657673913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1945938232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6568936242","display_name":"\u591a\u7ef4\u4e92\u8d28\u9635\u5217\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285086906.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285086906.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003157621","https://openalex.org/W2044390680","https://openalex.org/W2052406656","https://openalex.org/W2054236696","https://openalex.org/W2086533823","https://openalex.org/W2098174516","https://openalex.org/W2110798624","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2116414176","https://openalex.org/W2130601302","https://openalex.org/W2131929267","https://openalex.org/W2133503769","https://openalex.org/W2140763373","https://openalex.org/W2148982591","https://openalex.org/W2149551443","https://openalex.org/W2149755721","https://openalex.org/W2150440877","https://openalex.org/W2161666352","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2164390589","https://openalex.org/W2168837636","https://openalex.org/W2294826679","https://openalex.org/W2319314457","https://openalex.org/W2390332739","https://openalex.org/W2396020314","https://openalex.org/W2587747120","https://openalex.org/W2735200821","https://openalex.org/W2742426150","https://openalex.org/W2800115807","https://openalex.org/W2946525119","https://openalex.org/W3042072755","https://openalex.org/W4224941545","https://openalex.org/W6639389555","https://openalex.org/W6781035942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035996378","https://openalex.org/W2035576425","https://openalex.org/W4254460799","https://openalex.org/W2550170343","https://openalex.org/W2110469181","https://openalex.org/W2379235289","https://openalex.org/W2086259514","https://openalex.org/W2883807224","https://openalex.org/W2384225481","https://openalex.org/W1865804546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,41,48,63,68,80,86,103,109,121,140],"problem":[3,49,71,74],"of":[4,12,75,139,145],"expensive":[5],"computation":[6],"in":[7,16,44,143],"traditional":[8],"two-dimensional":[9],"(2D)":[10],"direction":[11],"arrival":[13],"(DOA)":[14],"estimation,":[15],"this":[17,45],"paper,":[18],"we":[19],"propose":[20],"a":[21,28,73],"2D":[22,52,87,104],"DOA":[23,88],"estimation":[24,59,70,146],"method":[25],"based":[26,50],"on":[27,51],"reduced":[29,129],"dimension":[30],"and":[31,65,132,148],"root-finding":[32],"MUSIC":[33],"algorithm":[34,42,92,142],"for":[35,135],"nested":[36],"planar":[37],"arrays":[38],"(NPAs).":[39],"Specifically,":[40],"proposed":[43,91,141],"paper":[46],"transforms":[47,67],"spectral":[53,105],"peak":[54],"search":[55],"into":[56,72],"two":[57,96],"one-dimensional":[58,69],"problems":[60],"by":[61,113,126,152],"reducing":[62],"dimension,":[64],"then":[66],"polynomial":[76],"root":[77,97],"finding.":[78],"Finally":[79],"parameters":[81],"are":[82,150],"paired":[83],"to":[84,102],"realize":[85],"estimation.":[89],"The":[90,137],"not":[93],"only":[94],"performs":[95],"finding":[98],"operations":[99],"directly":[100],"according":[101],"function":[106],"transformation,":[107],"avoiding":[108],"performance":[110],"degradation":[111],"caused":[112],"intermediate":[114],"operations,":[115],"but":[116],"can":[117],"also":[118],"fully":[119],"exploit":[120],"enlarged":[122],"array":[123],"aperture":[124],"offered":[125],"NPAs":[127],"with":[128],"computational":[130],"complexity":[131,149],"no":[133],"need":[134],"virtualization.":[136],"superiorities":[138],"terms":[144],"accuracy":[147],"verified":[151],"simulations.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
