{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285006435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145131","title":"App-Based Mindfulness Training Predicts Reductions in Smoking Behavior by Engaging Reinforcement Learning Mechanisms: A Preliminary Naturalistic Single-Arm Study","display_name":"App-Based Mindfulness Training Predicts Reductions in Smoking Behavior by Engaging Reinforcement Learning Mechanisms: A Preliminary Naturalistic Single-Arm Study","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285006435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145131","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35890811"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22145131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5131/pdf?version=1657263146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5131/pdf?version=1657263146","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030301641","display_name":"V\u00e9ronique A. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2310-9311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Veronique A. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mindfulness Center, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2310-9311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mindfulness Center, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002511145","display_name":"Ryan Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-185X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159521","display_name":"Laureate Institute for Brain Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05e6pjy56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159521"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056817403","display_name":"Judson A. Brewer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8984-6704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judson A. Brewer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mindfulness Center, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA","Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mindfulness Center, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030301641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.7721,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71693755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"14","first_page":"5131","last_page":"5131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10708","display_name":"Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10708","display_name":"Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/craving","display_name":"Craving","score":0.866858720779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6778639554977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mindfulness","display_name":"Mindfulness","score":0.6537771224975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-cessation","display_name":"Smoking cessation","score":0.6425759196281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"Mediation","score":0.541883111000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.5083946585655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology","display_name":"Clinical psychology","score":0.4977998733520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.34783971309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/addiction","display_name":"Addiction","score":0.3101358711719513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.2419690489768982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2363588809967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.10240679979324341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779541405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498902","display_name":"Craving","level":3,"score":0.866858720779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6778639554977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780444219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q341045","display_name":"Mindfulness","level":2,"score":0.6537771224975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777843972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462253","display_name":"Smoking cessation","level":2,"score":0.6425759196281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.541883111000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.5083946585655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4977998733520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.34783971309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.3101358711719513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2419690489768982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2363588809967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.10240679979324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016540","descriptor_name":"Smoking Cessation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016540","descriptor_name":"Smoking Cessation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016540","descriptor_name":"Smoking Cessation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064866","descriptor_name":"Mindfulness","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064866","descriptor_name":"Mindfulness","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064866","descriptor_name":"Mindfulness","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066249","descriptor_name":"Craving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066249","descriptor_name":"Craving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066249","descriptor_name":"Craving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22145131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5131/pdf?version=1657263146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35890811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35890811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d66b31a7066e417da64ef661ec7d09ce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d66b31a7066e417da64ef661ec7d09ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 14, p 5131 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/14/5131/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 14; Pages: 5131","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9317542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9317542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22145131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5131/pdf?version=1657263146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309070","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285006435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285006435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29281053","https://openalex.org/W160989634","https://openalex.org/W1866262742","https://openalex.org/W1942325543","https://openalex.org/W1967987271","https://openalex.org/W1969410407","https://openalex.org/W2001549123","https://openalex.org/W2003614029","https://openalex.org/W2007414406","https://openalex.org/W2076092675","https://openalex.org/W2089965180","https://openalex.org/W2101592261","https://openalex.org/W2116022600","https://openalex.org/W2117726420","https://openalex.org/W2133282087","https://openalex.org/W2140484936","https://openalex.org/W2155071281","https://openalex.org/W2157337754","https://openalex.org/W2314235134","https://openalex.org/W2341026505","https://openalex.org/W2579126547","https://openalex.org/W2592095857","https://openalex.org/W2732734283","https://openalex.org/W2914509851","https://openalex.org/W2943648060","https://openalex.org/W2949941589","https://openalex.org/W2981148845","https://openalex.org/W3180795105","https://openalex.org/W4250536124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365137153","https://openalex.org/W4386965759","https://openalex.org/W2128423095","https://openalex.org/W3183636010","https://openalex.org/W1964200701","https://openalex.org/W2522902347","https://openalex.org/W2769480294","https://openalex.org/W3182554546","https://openalex.org/W4255847351","https://openalex.org/W1184978400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mindfulness":[0],"training":[1,277],"(MT)":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"shown":[5],"to":[6,27,97,106,111,126],"influence":[7],"smoking":[8,32,43,72,173,211,247,279],"behavior,":[9],"yet":[10],"the":[11,53,81,92,98,108,127,139,151,155,187,203,205,227,232,268],"involvement":[12,269],"of":[13,31,36,56,62,83,91,100,172,234,246,270],"reinforcement":[14,161],"learning":[15,162,254,272],"processes":[16],"as":[17,105,154],"underlying":[18,274],"mechanisms":[19,273],"remains":[20],"unclear.":[21],"This":[22,256],"naturalistic,":[23],"single-arm":[24,257],"study":[25,259],"aimed":[26],"examine":[28],"slope":[29,244],"trajectories":[30,245],"behavior":[33,129,153,248],"across":[34,175,249],"uses":[35,179],"our":[37,69,235],"app-based":[38,71,236,275],"MT":[39,57,70,176,191,209,237],"craving":[40,65,117,177,238],"tool":[41,66,93,178,239],"for":[42,202,226,263,278],"cessation,":[44],"and":[45,122,130,180,192,210,220],"whether":[46,107],"this":[47,182],"relationship":[48,183,189,207],"would":[49],"be":[50],"mediated":[51,185,251],"by":[52,77,186,252],"attenuating":[54],"impact":[55],"on":[58],"expected":[59,193],"reward":[60,142,156,194,253,271],"values":[61,143,195],"smoking.":[63],"Our":[64],"embedded":[67],"in":[68,86,138,158],"cessation":[73],"program":[74],"was":[75,184,212],"used":[76],"108":[78],"participants":[79],"upon":[80],"experience":[82,99],"cigarette":[84,101],"cravings":[85],"real-world":[87],"contexts.":[88],"Each":[89],"use":[90,233],"involved":[94],"mindful":[95,124],"awareness":[96],"craving,":[102],"a":[103,119,159,168],"decision":[104],"participant":[109],"wanted":[110],"smoke":[112],"or":[113],"ride":[114],"out":[115],"their":[116],"with":[118,242],"mindfulness":[120,276],"exercise,":[121],"paying":[123],"attention":[125],"choice":[128,152],"its":[131],"outcome":[132],"(contentment":[133],"levels":[134,148],"felt":[135],"from":[136,150],"engaging":[137],"behavior).":[140],"Expected":[141],"were":[144],"computed":[145],"using":[146],"contentment":[147],"experienced":[149],"signal":[157],"Rescorla\u2212Wagner":[160],"model.":[163],"Multi-level":[164],"mediation":[165],"analysis":[166],"revealed":[167],"significant":[169,215],"decreasing":[170],"trajectory":[171],"frequency":[174],"that":[181,231],"negative":[188,243],"between":[190,208],"(all":[196],"ps":[197],"<":[198,217],"0.001).":[199],"After":[200],"controlling":[201,225],"mediator,":[204],"predictive":[206],"no":[213],"longer":[214],"(p":[216],"0.001":[218],"before":[219],"p":[221],"=":[222],"0.357":[223],"after":[224],"mediator).":[228],"Results":[229],"indicate":[230],"is":[240],"associated":[241],"uses,":[250],"mechanisms.":[255],"naturalistic":[258],"provides":[260],"preliminary":[261],"support":[262],"further":[264],"RCT":[265],"studies":[266],"examining":[267],"cessation.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}