{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283805397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22135046","title":"Impact of Wedge Parameters on Ultrasonic Lamb Wave Liquid-Level Sensor","display_name":"Impact of Wedge Parameters on Ultrasonic Lamb Wave Liquid-Level Sensor","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283805397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22135046","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35808541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22135046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22135046","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/5046/pdf?version=1656990447","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/5046/pdf?version=1656990447","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088404835","display_name":"Weizhao Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weizhao Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009683413","display_name":"Wanjia Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-7503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanjia Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684669","display_name":"Wenyi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4098-0256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101608532","display_name":"Huixin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1529-6874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huixin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110985807","display_name":"Ruiqing Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiqing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou 510555, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou 510555, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101608532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.6912,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58773229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"13","first_page":"5046","last_page":"5046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.836801290512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wedge","display_name":"Wedge (geometry)","score":0.8097931146621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lamb-waves","display_name":"Lamb waves","score":0.7373789548873901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.6797608733177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-sensor","display_name":"Acoustic sensor","score":0.4497400224208832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.44402486085891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.33098459243774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29363229870796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21356308460235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wave","display_name":"Surface wave","score":0.2032645344734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1986970603466034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1666613519191742}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.836801290512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47422493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2755127","display_name":"Wedge (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.8097931146621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142358356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375680","display_name":"Lamb waves","level":3,"score":0.7373789548873901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6797608733177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986501211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustic sensor","level":2,"score":0.4497400224208832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.44402486085891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.33098459243774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29363229870796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21356308460235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.2032645344734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1986970603466034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1666613519191742}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22135046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22135046","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/5046/pdf?version=1656990447","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35808541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35808541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e7ffa2f153e741c5b853fab426d5b167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e7ffa2f153e741c5b853fab426d5b167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 13, p 5046 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/13/5046/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22135046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 13; Pages: 5046","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9269810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9269810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22135046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22135046","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/5046/pdf?version=1656990447","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283805397.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W993369120","https://openalex.org/W1984749989","https://openalex.org/W1994760252","https://openalex.org/W2013694897","https://openalex.org/W2024677804","https://openalex.org/W2025430380","https://openalex.org/W2026575762","https://openalex.org/W2026954682","https://openalex.org/W2032117760","https://openalex.org/W2057212272","https://openalex.org/W2059593810","https://openalex.org/W2074035668","https://openalex.org/W2078584333","https://openalex.org/W2101290935","https://openalex.org/W2117038474","https://openalex.org/W2126896678","https://openalex.org/W2150982763","https://openalex.org/W2159738949","https://openalex.org/W2315434768","https://openalex.org/W2327761708","https://openalex.org/W2335665677","https://openalex.org/W2349040715","https://openalex.org/W2374407714","https://openalex.org/W2568940988","https://openalex.org/W2606586015","https://openalex.org/W2617712048","https://openalex.org/W2751190989","https://openalex.org/W2763494627","https://openalex.org/W2768729833","https://openalex.org/W2770616847","https://openalex.org/W3048135325","https://openalex.org/W4223574512","https://openalex.org/W6682440145","https://openalex.org/W6708890486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380594826","https://openalex.org/W4283805397","https://openalex.org/W2031629218","https://openalex.org/W4238525810","https://openalex.org/W4247875078","https://openalex.org/W4238161731","https://openalex.org/W2970859060","https://openalex.org/W2589005882","https://openalex.org/W2039189765","https://openalex.org/W4235634544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,99,137,164],"ultrasonic":[1,20,133,150,178],"Lamb":[2,21,53,111,179,196],"wave":[3,22,134,197],"detection":[4],"principle":[5],"can":[6,170],"realize":[7],"the":[8,32,37,40,48,67,77,80,83,87,92,104,110,115,119,123,128,132,145,149,156,168,173,187,190],"noncontact":[9],"measurement":[10],"of":[11,39,52,70,79,82,95,131,148,161,189],"liquid":[12],"level":[13],"in":[14,61,114,194],"closed":[15],"containers.":[16],"When":[17],"designing":[18],"an":[19],"sensor,":[23],"it":[24],"is":[25,107,122,135],"vital":[26],"to":[27,56,143],"thoroughly":[28],"study":[29,76],"and":[30,64,89,118,152],"select":[31,47,172],"optimal":[33],"wedge":[34,71,84,96,138,191],"size":[35,81,193],"at":[36],"front":[38],"sensor.":[41,198],"In":[42],"this":[43,126],"paper,":[44],"firstly,":[45],"we":[46,65,75,90,153],"best":[49,68,174],"working":[50,175],"mode":[51,176],"waves":[54,112],"according":[55],"their":[57],"propagation":[58],"dispersion":[59],"curve":[60],"aluminum":[62],"alloy,":[63],"obtain":[66,91],"angle":[69,130],"through":[72],"experiments.":[73],"Secondly,":[74],"impact":[78],"block":[85,97,192],"on":[86],"results,":[88],"selection":[93],"method":[94],"parameters.":[98],"evaluations":[100],"show":[101],"that,":[102],"when":[103],"frequency-thickness":[105],"product":[106],"3":[108],"MHz\u00b7mm,":[109],"work":[113],"A1":[116],"mode,":[117],"experimental":[120],"effect":[121],"best.":[124],"At":[125],"time,":[127],"incident":[129],"27.39\u00b0.":[136],"thickness":[139],"should":[140,154],"be":[141],"designed":[142],"avoid":[144],"near-field":[146],"area":[147],"field,":[151],"choose":[155],"length":[157],"as":[158],"odd":[159],"multiples":[160],"1/4":[162],"wavelength.":[163],"rules":[165],"obtained":[166],"from":[167],"experiment":[169],"effectively":[171],"for":[177,186],"waves,":[180],"while":[181],"also":[182],"providing":[183],"a":[184,195],"basis":[185],"design":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}