{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283808745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22135012","title":"Thermal\u2013Visible Face Recognition Based on CNN Features and Triple Triplet Configuration for On-the-Move Identity Verification","display_name":"Thermal\u2013Visible Face Recognition Based on CNN Features and Triple Triplet Configuration for On-the-Move Identity Verification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283808745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22135012","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35808507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22135012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22135012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/5012/pdf?version=1656764114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/5012/pdf?version=1656764114","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077745678","display_name":"Marcin Kowalski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-9828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800249161","display_name":"Military University of Technology in Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/05fct5h31","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Kowalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035687622","display_name":"Artur Grudzie\u0144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2641-8419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800249161","display_name":"Military University of Technology in Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/05fct5h31","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Artur Grudzie\u0144","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029218979","display_name":"Krzysztof Mierzejewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5172-8419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800249161","display_name":"Military University of Technology in Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/05fct5h31","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Mierzejewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Cybernetics, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Cybernetics, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077745678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.2236,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80086921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"13","first_page":"5012","last_page":"5012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7406505346298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6815593242645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6606549024581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6246010065078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5657415986061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.5000677108764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4914816617965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4794791638851166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.4766945540904999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.4745819568634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4744478464126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-infrared","display_name":"Thermal infrared","score":0.43999382853507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4227105975151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19233068823814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14603298902511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09653306007385254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7406505346298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6815593242645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6606549024581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6246010065078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5657415986061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5000677108764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4914816617965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4794791638851166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.4766945540904999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.4745819568634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4744478464126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984335091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Thermal infrared","level":3,"score":0.43999382853507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4227105975151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19233068823814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14603298902511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09653306007385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22135012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22135012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/5012/pdf?version=1656764114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35808507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35808507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2f971ada13d34d9eb7b5ce754a7a00b2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2f971ada13d34d9eb7b5ce754a7a00b2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 13, p 5012 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/13/5012/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22135012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 13; Pages: 5012","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9269800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9269800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22135012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22135012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/5012/pdf?version=1656764114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283808745.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283808745.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W919364087","https://openalex.org/W2021242760","https://openalex.org/W2024922353","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2264380076","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2609296554","https://openalex.org/W2805898668","https://openalex.org/W2940551087","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963639219","https://openalex.org/W2987988558","https://openalex.org/W3006602891","https://openalex.org/W3018442006","https://openalex.org/W3032960790","https://openalex.org/W3057136416","https://openalex.org/W3102910076","https://openalex.org/W3119532581","https://openalex.org/W3153171492","https://openalex.org/W3160029931","https://openalex.org/W3160668895","https://openalex.org/W3161402421","https://openalex.org/W3186754109","https://openalex.org/W4205306454","https://openalex.org/W4210652741","https://openalex.org/W4384928357","https://openalex.org/W6779545043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103413230","https://openalex.org/W3086983552","https://openalex.org/W1899364738","https://openalex.org/W43171467","https://openalex.org/W2248182120","https://openalex.org/W2134472250","https://openalex.org/W2908959303","https://openalex.org/W2347601237","https://openalex.org/W2897995864","https://openalex.org/W1775397219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"recognition":[1,31],"operating":[2],"in":[3,7,45,65,93,113],"visible":[4,47],"domains":[5],"exists":[6],"many":[8],"aspects":[9],"of":[10,17,52,62,68,115],"our":[11,63],"lives,":[12],"while":[13],"the":[14,18,46,60,66,116],"remaining":[15],"parts":[16],"spectrum":[19],"including":[20],"near":[21],"and":[22,41,88,127],"thermal":[23,53],"infrared":[24],"are":[25],"not":[26],"sufficiently":[27],"explored.":[28],"Thermal-visible":[29],"face":[30,70,104],"is":[32],"a":[33,97,101],"promising":[34],"biometric":[35],"modality":[36],"that":[37,107],"combines":[38,108],"affordable":[39],"technology":[40],"high":[42],"imaging":[43],"qualities":[44],"domain":[48],"with":[49],"low-light":[50],"capabilities":[51],"infrared.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56],"work,":[57],"we":[58,99],"present":[59],"results":[61],"study":[64,84],"field":[67],"thermal-visible":[69],"verification":[71,105],"using":[72,78],"four":[73],"different":[74],"algorithm":[75],"architectures":[76],"tested":[77],"several":[79],"publicly":[80],"available":[81],"databases.":[82],"The":[83,119],"covers":[85],"Siamese,":[86],"Triplet,":[87],"Verification":[89],"Through":[90],"Identification":[91],"methods":[92,126],"various":[94],"configurations.":[95],"As":[96],"result,":[98],"propose":[100],"triple":[102,120],"triplet":[103,117,121],"method":[106,122],"three":[109],"CNNs":[110],"being":[111],"used":[112],"each":[114],"branches.":[118],"outperforms":[123],"other":[124],"reference":[125],"achieves":[128],"TAR":[129],"@FAR":[130],"1%":[131],"values":[132],"up":[133],"to":[134],"90.61%.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
