{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283736933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134922","title":"Duty-Cycle Electronically Tunable Triangular/Square Wave Generator Using LT1228 Commercially Available ICs for Capacitive Sensor Interfacing","display_name":"Duty-Cycle Electronically Tunable Triangular/Square Wave Generator Using LT1228 Commercially Available ICs for Capacitive Sensor Interfacing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283736933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134922","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35808410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22134922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134922","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/4922/pdf?version=1656505799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/4922/pdf?version=1656505799","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053518492","display_name":"Phamorn Silapan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7447-1783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86677382","display_name":"Silpakorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02d0tyt78","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86677382"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Phamorn Silapan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Silpakorn University, Nakhonpathom 73000, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7447-1783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Silpakorn University, Nakhonpathom 73000, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86677382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019950371","display_name":"Pawich Choykhuntod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2087-2677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86677382","display_name":"Silpakorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02d0tyt78","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86677382"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawich Choykhuntod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Silpakorn University, Nakhonpathom 73000, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Silpakorn University, Nakhonpathom 73000, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86677382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074329006","display_name":"Rapeepan Kaewon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1687-9350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86677382","display_name":"Silpakorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02d0tyt78","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86677382"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rapeepan Kaewon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Silpakorn University, Nakhonpathom 73000, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1687-9350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Silpakorn University, Nakhonpathom 73000, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86677382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052645994","display_name":"Winai Jaikla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1261-0917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91538806","display_name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","ror":"https://ror.org/055mf0v62","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winai Jaikla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Education, School of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand","Department of Engineering Education, School of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1261-0917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Education, School of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Education, School of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053518492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86677382"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.8309,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70804806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"13","first_page":"4922","last_page":"4922"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.880835771560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square-wave","display_name":"Square wave","score":0.7288001179695129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.641241192817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-sensing","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","score":0.6289557218551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5967776775360107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.5944266319274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5292075276374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.5250791907310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5131641030311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.5093649625778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-generator","display_name":"Signal generator","score":0.5007305145263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square","display_name":"Square (algebra)","score":0.49800896644592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.49451419711112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacing","display_name":"Interfacing","score":0.43396061658859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37945541739463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.35183829069137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.20536530017852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1790720820426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.161422461271286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10667812824249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09948611259460449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.880835771560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96352100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136640","display_name":"Square wave","level":3,"score":0.7288001179695129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.641241192817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.6289557218551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5967776775360107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.5944266319274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5292075276374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.5250791907310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5131641030311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.5093649625778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207912722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259123","display_name":"Signal generator","level":3,"score":0.5007305145263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.49800896644592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.49451419711112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776303644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020499","display_name":"Interfacing","level":2,"score":0.43396061658859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37945541739463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.35183829069137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20536530017852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1790720820426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.161422461271286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10667812824249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09948611259460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22134922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134922","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/4922/pdf?version=1656505799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35808410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35808410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3d473f81efea465b9ebe2ed644462806","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3d473f81efea465b9ebe2ed644462806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 13, p 4922 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/13/4922/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 13; Pages: 4922","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9269504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9269504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22134922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134922","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/4922/pdf?version=1656505799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323871","display_name":"Silpakorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02d0tyt78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336723","display_name":"Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283736933.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283736933.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1783214331","https://openalex.org/W2018248639","https://openalex.org/W2053388477","https://openalex.org/W2071320043","https://openalex.org/W2073384895","https://openalex.org/W2136398171","https://openalex.org/W2157520226","https://openalex.org/W2160516235","https://openalex.org/W2406230649","https://openalex.org/W2522835774","https://openalex.org/W2581588690","https://openalex.org/W2591596513","https://openalex.org/W2595123777","https://openalex.org/W2600921968","https://openalex.org/W2774803852","https://openalex.org/W2785683687","https://openalex.org/W2948302659","https://openalex.org/W2968844918","https://openalex.org/W2975260049","https://openalex.org/W2984880243","https://openalex.org/W2989643353","https://openalex.org/W2996133829","https://openalex.org/W2998726268","https://openalex.org/W2999190584","https://openalex.org/W3009615951","https://openalex.org/W3084454328","https://openalex.org/W3114559990","https://openalex.org/W3115695519","https://openalex.org/W3119930592","https://openalex.org/W3127278250","https://openalex.org/W3169555689","https://openalex.org/W3211846011","https://openalex.org/W6790888196","https://openalex.org/W7027337591"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374845821","https://openalex.org/W2391744804","https://openalex.org/W2383836174","https://openalex.org/W2785681515","https://openalex.org/W2886586752","https://openalex.org/W4283736933","https://openalex.org/W2364173478","https://openalex.org/W2360517107","https://openalex.org/W2362817447","https://openalex.org/W2367072758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,24,28],"duty-cycle":[4],"electronically":[5,62],"tunable":[6],"triangular/square":[7],"wave":[8,71],"generator":[9,20],"using":[10],"LT1228":[11],"commercially":[12],"available":[13],"ICs":[14],"for":[15],"capacitive":[16],"sensor":[17],"interfacing.":[18],"The":[19,31,116],"comprises":[21],"two":[22,34],"LT1228s,":[23],"grounded":[25,29],"resistor,":[26],"and":[27,40,100,125,133],"capacitor.":[30],"circuit":[32,91],"provides":[33],"output":[35],"signals":[36,44],"which":[37,110],"are":[38,45,103],"triangular":[39,57,97,123],"square":[41,70],"waves.":[42],"Both":[43],"regulated":[46],"by":[47],"adjusting":[48],"the":[49,53,56,65,69,75,81,86,89,93,96,119,122],"current":[50,107],"bias.":[51],"Likewise,":[52],"amplitude":[54,94,120],"of":[55,88,95,121,130],"signal":[58],"can":[59,72],"be":[60],"tuned":[61],"without":[63],"affecting":[64],"frequency.":[66],"In":[67],"addition,":[68],"independently":[73],"control":[74],"linear":[76],"duty":[77,101,117],"cycle":[78,102],"via":[79,106],"tuning":[80],"voltage.":[82],"Experiment":[83],"results":[84],"confirm":[85],"performance":[87],"proposed":[90],"that":[92],"wave,":[98,124],"frequency,":[99],"linearly":[104],"controllable":[105],"or":[108],"voltage,":[109],"do":[111],"not":[112],"affect":[113],"each":[114],"other.":[115],"cycle,":[118],"frequency":[126],"have":[127],"maximum":[128],"errors":[129],"\u00b11.60%,":[131],"\u00b13.33%,":[132],"\u00b12.55%,":[134],"respectively.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}