{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283723775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134918","title":"The Advances in Computer Vision That Are Enabling More Autonomous Actions in Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature","display_name":"The Advances in Computer Vision That Are Enabling More Autonomous Actions in Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283723775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134918","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35808408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22134918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/4918/pdf?version=1656504209","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/4918/pdf?version=1656504209","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052432665","display_name":"Andrew A. Gumbs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-5318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109121","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy","ror":"https://ror.org/015qy8r18","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109121"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138551","display_name":"University Hospital Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/03m04df46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138551"]}],"countries":["DE","FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew A. Gumbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departement de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de, Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 78300 Poissy, France","Department of Surgery, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de, Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 78300 Poissy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109121"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138551"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013213729","display_name":"Vincent Grasso","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Grasso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Family Christian Health Center, 31 West 155th St., Harvey, IL 60426, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Family Christian Health Center, 31 West 155th St., Harvey, IL 60426, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031750082","display_name":"Nicolas Bourdel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5527-4370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169645620","display_name":"Institut Pascal","ror":"https://ror.org/03vgfxd91","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I169645620","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210095849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198244214","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ajp46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128870","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand","ror":"https://ror.org/02tcf7a68","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128870"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Bourdel","raw_affiliation_strings":["EnCoV, Institut Pascal, UMR6602 CNRS, UCA, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France","Gynecological Surgery Department, CHU Clermont Ferrand, 1, Place Lucie-Aubrac Clermont-Ferrand, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France","SurgAR-Surgical Augmented Reality, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EnCoV, Institut Pascal, UMR6602 CNRS, UCA, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I169645620","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gynecological Surgery Department, CHU Clermont Ferrand, 1, Place Lucie-Aubrac Clermont-Ferrand, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SurgAR-Surgical Augmented Reality, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045920845","display_name":"Roland S. Croner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6248-7086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138551","display_name":"University Hospital Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/03m04df46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138551"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland Croner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138551"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060542608","display_name":"Gaya Spolverato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7275-2573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaya Spolverato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019756541","display_name":"Isabella Frigerio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-4226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109022","display_name":"Casa di Cura Villa Garda","ror":"https://ror.org/01mw6s018","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109022"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabella Frigerio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Pederzoli Hospital, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Pederzoli Hospital, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062352480","display_name":"Alfredo Illanes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0118-0483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfredo Illanes","raw_affiliation_strings":["INKA-Innovation Laboratory for Image Guided Therapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INKA-Innovation Laboratory for Image Guided Therapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013484531","display_name":"Mohammad Abu Hilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-4639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148231","display_name":"Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt3v622","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148231"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Abu Hilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit\u00e0 Chirurgia Epatobiliopancreatica, Robotica e Mininvasiva, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Via Bissolati, 57, 25124 Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit\u00e0 Chirurgia Epatobiliopancreatica, Robotica e Mininvasiva, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Via Bissolati, 57, 25124 Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110491374","display_name":"Adrian Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803374","display_name":"Anne Arundel Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0283k4z65","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803374"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anne Arundel Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anne Arundel Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803374","https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040807448","display_name":"Eyad Elyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8342-9026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eyad Elyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7JG, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7JG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052432665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109121","https://openalex.org/I4210138551"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":10.4657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98950754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"13","first_page":"4918","last_page":"4918"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11984","display_name":"Anatomy and Medical Technology","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.45799902081489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4416184425354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3459703326225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3411167860031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33979833126068115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.45799902081489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4416184425354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3459703326225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3411167860031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33979833126068115}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22134918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/4918/pdf?version=1656504209","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35808408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35808408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8011e36751434b05b2a743b1c262fb6b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8011e36751434b05b2a743b1c262fb6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 13, p 4918 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/13/4918/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 13; Pages: 4918","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9269548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9269548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rgu-repository.worktribe.com:1716605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/1716605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400814","display_name":"Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","host_organization_name":"Robert Gordon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22134918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/13/4918/pdf?version=1656504209","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283723775.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283723775.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535456295","https://openalex.org/W1535734535","https://openalex.org/W1964796197","https://openalex.org/W1975179008","https://openalex.org/W1994554446","https://openalex.org/W1997493096","https://openalex.org/W2002306235","https://openalex.org/W2024406508","https://openalex.org/W2065883524","https://openalex.org/W2072248746","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2135023786","https://openalex.org/W2145081273","https://openalex.org/W2227341437","https://openalex.org/W2262715205","https://openalex.org/W2344487106","https://openalex.org/W2346178339","https://openalex.org/W2464444231","https://openalex.org/W2515781873","https://openalex.org/W2587007321","https://openalex.org/W2612573399","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2735039185","https://openalex.org/W2741191010","https://openalex.org/W2743121391","https://openalex.org/W2745436793","https://openalex.org/W2746134756","https://openalex.org/W2772368443","https://openalex.org/W2777273430","https://openalex.org/W2792767783","https://openalex.org/W2884530895","https://openalex.org/W2885039528","https://openalex.org/W2886178186","https://openalex.org/W2906537112","https://openalex.org/W2913102108","https://openalex.org/W2914457676","https://openalex.org/W2932745574","https://openalex.org/W2948822404","https://openalex.org/W2958491116","https://openalex.org/W2958914562","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2966423524","https://openalex.org/W2971493221","https://openalex.org/W2978826643","https://openalex.org/W2979630916","https://openalex.org/W2990761030","https://openalex.org/W2993292663","https://openalex.org/W2995516236","https://openalex.org/W3003188686","https://openalex.org/W3007171946","https://openalex.org/W3016505311","https://openalex.org/W3016521739","https://openalex.org/W3023305546","https://openalex.org/W3045477517","https://openalex.org/W3089706500","https://openalex.org/W3091350737","https://openalex.org/W3096597946","https://openalex.org/W3098609708","https://openalex.org/W3100964249","https://openalex.org/W3101712992","https://openalex.org/W3105636206","https://openalex.org/W3110129366","https://openalex.org/W3110705236","https://openalex.org/W3127178451","https://openalex.org/W3130448017","https://openalex.org/W3133190857","https://openalex.org/W3135991645","https://openalex.org/W3136123254","https://openalex.org/W3146640835","https://openalex.org/W3168880123","https://openalex.org/W3174926333","https://openalex.org/W3185475505","https://openalex.org/W3189994612","https://openalex.org/W3193396633","https://openalex.org/W3206451052","https://openalex.org/W3210183683","https://openalex.org/W3212169088","https://openalex.org/W3216326379","https://openalex.org/W3217160846","https://openalex.org/W4225659306","https://openalex.org/W4283717612","https://openalex.org/W6689371018","https://openalex.org/W6784289724","https://openalex.org/W6786590662","https://openalex.org/W6792249225","https://openalex.org/W6804373215","https://openalex.org/W6810434866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W2586801360","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W1489783725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"is":[1,28],"a":[2,29],"review":[3,72],"focused":[4],"on":[5],"advances":[6],"and":[7,14,67,102,117],"current":[8,111],"limitations":[9],"of":[10,62,79,84,94,139],"computer":[11],"vision":[12],"(CV)":[13],"how":[15,134],"CV":[16,140],"can":[17,87],"help":[18],"us":[19],"obtain":[20],"to":[21,32,48,55,135,141],"more":[22,95,121],"autonomous":[23,96],"actions":[24],"in":[25,38,51,91,147],"surgery.":[26],"It":[27],"follow-up":[30],"article":[31,57],"one":[33],"that":[34,56,58,86],"we":[35],"previously":[36],"published":[37],"<i>Sensors</i>":[39],"entitled,":[40],"\"Artificial":[41],"Intelligence":[42],"Surgery:":[43],"How":[44],"Do":[45],"We":[46],"Get":[47],"Autonomous":[49],"Actions":[50],"Surgery?\"":[52],"As":[53],"opposed":[54],"also":[59,106],"discussed":[60],"issues":[61],"machine":[63],"learning,":[64],"deep":[65],"learning":[66],"natural":[68],"language":[69],"processing,":[70],"this":[71,130],"will":[73,105,125,132],"delve":[74],"deeper":[75],"into":[76],"the":[77,92,110,137,148],"field":[78],"CV.":[80],"Additionally,":[81],"non-visual":[82],"forms":[83],"data":[85],"aid":[88],"computerized":[89],"robots":[90],"performance":[93],"actions,":[97],"such":[98],"as":[99],"instrument":[100],"priors":[101],"audio":[103],"haptics,":[104],"be":[107,126],"highlighted.":[108],"Furthermore,":[109],"existential":[112],"crisis":[113],"for":[114],"surgeons,":[115],"endoscopists":[116],"interventional":[118],"radiologists":[119],"regarding":[120],"autonomy":[122],"during":[123],"procedures":[124],"discussed.":[127],"In":[128],"summary,":[129],"paper":[131],"discuss":[133],"harness":[136],"power":[138],"keep":[142],"doctors":[143],"who":[144],"do":[145],"interventions":[146],"loop.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}