{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283161730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124619","title":"Optimization and Evaluation of Sensor Angles for Precise Assessment of Architectural Traits in Peach Trees","display_name":"Optimization and Evaluation of Sensor Angles for Precise Assessment of Architectural Traits in Peach Trees","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283161730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124619","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124619","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4619/pdf?version=1655559075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4619/pdf?version=1655559075","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022919722","display_name":"Mugilan Govindasamy Raman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mugilan Govindasamy Raman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059594134","display_name":"Eduardo Fermino Carlos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0852-7002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166948","display_name":"Instituto Agron\u00f4mico do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05hvcqy45","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["BR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Fermino Carlos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA","Laboratory of Biotechnology, AMG, IDR-IAPAR-EMATER-Agronomic Institute of Paran\u00e1, Londrina-PR 86001-970, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, AMG, IDR-IAPAR-EMATER-Agronomic Institute of Paran\u00e1, Londrina-PR 86001-970, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101894292","display_name":"Sindhuja Sankaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2640-8402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sindhuja Sankaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101894292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.7479,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62631501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"12","first_page":"4619","last_page":"4619"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11691","display_name":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.7151068449020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchard","display_name":"Orchard","score":0.6990219354629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6663790941238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6245473623275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6012232303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crown","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","score":0.5844624638557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5041254758834839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-canopy","display_name":"Tree canopy","score":0.49793243408203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prunus","display_name":"Prunus","score":0.43669593334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.428724080324173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.39627397060394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3864278495311737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2934871315956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25598573684692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25218257308006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.20467343926429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.17474806308746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.15773317217826843}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.7151068449020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780753983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236371","display_name":"Orchard","level":2,"score":0.6990219354629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6663790941238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6245473623275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6012232303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778400979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143720","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","level":2,"score":0.5844624638557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5041254758834839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39807119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134228","display_name":"Tree canopy","level":3,"score":0.49793243408203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779692143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190545","display_name":"Prunus","level":2,"score":0.43669593334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.428724080324173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.39627397060394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3864278495311737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2934871315956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25598573684692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25218257308006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.20467343926429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.17474806308746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15773317217826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068239","descriptor_name":"Prunus persica","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068239","descriptor_name":"Prunus persica","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068239","descriptor_name":"Prunus persica","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005638","descriptor_name":"Fruit","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005638","descriptor_name":"Fruit","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005638","descriptor_name":"Fruit","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014861","descriptor_name":"Washington","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014861","descriptor_name":"Washington","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014861","descriptor_name":"Washington","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124619","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4619/pdf?version=1655559075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35746401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9229230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9229230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a1cf7d960f1741ba8964cfbb11c926af","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a1cf7d960f1741ba8964cfbb11c926af","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 12, p 4619 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/12/4619/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 12; Pages: 4619","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124619","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4619/pdf?version=1655559075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5564117662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1018562","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6601030878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1011741","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7983284459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1014919","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309913","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283161730.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283161730.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1808410813","https://openalex.org/W1901176938","https://openalex.org/W1968314959","https://openalex.org/W1969637737","https://openalex.org/W1983818779","https://openalex.org/W1999949151","https://openalex.org/W2010150513","https://openalex.org/W2020678807","https://openalex.org/W2027165049","https://openalex.org/W2082278455","https://openalex.org/W2109862393","https://openalex.org/W2143897835","https://openalex.org/W2148900376","https://openalex.org/W2312775342","https://openalex.org/W2541630240","https://openalex.org/W2606012773","https://openalex.org/W2774842738","https://openalex.org/W2788987383","https://openalex.org/W2843415492","https://openalex.org/W2887291686","https://openalex.org/W2901577545","https://openalex.org/W2912051998","https://openalex.org/W2923900842","https://openalex.org/W2948555907","https://openalex.org/W2990987212","https://openalex.org/W2996332308","https://openalex.org/W2998811304","https://openalex.org/W3011131544","https://openalex.org/W3128516953","https://openalex.org/W3131591549","https://openalex.org/W3136828796","https://openalex.org/W3163593447","https://openalex.org/W3165704192","https://openalex.org/W3198094612","https://openalex.org/W6789885217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310650695","https://openalex.org/W2049808743","https://openalex.org/W2283358449","https://openalex.org/W4233255859","https://openalex.org/W2017392715","https://openalex.org/W2360027075","https://openalex.org/W23916517","https://openalex.org/W4296822844","https://openalex.org/W2955227278","https://openalex.org/W2237152834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(L.)":[0],"Batsch)":[1],"are":[2,71,76],"perennial":[3],"trees":[4,145],"requiring":[5],"dedicated":[6],"orchard":[7,33,256],"management.":[8,34,257],"The":[9],"architectural":[10,60,80,101,247],"and":[11,22,31,110,127,129,134,171,177,183,189,203,206,249],"morphological":[12],"traits":[13,248],"of":[14,38,56,63,108,143,160,166,232,245],"peach":[15,144],"trees,":[16],"notably":[17],"tree":[18,187,217],"height,":[19],"canopy":[20,23,190,227],"area,":[21],"crown":[24,191,228],"volume,":[25],"help":[26],"to":[27,91,97,140,181],"determine":[28],"yield":[29],"potential":[30],"precise":[32,100],"Thus,":[35,230],"the":[36,53,64,83,88,93,99,106,148,164,185,194,198,214,221,233,243],"use":[37,165],"unmanned":[39],"aerial":[40],"vehicles":[41],"(UAVs)":[42],"coupled":[43],"with":[44,116,213,226],"RGB":[45,118],"sensors":[46],"can":[47],"play":[48],"an":[49,117],"important":[50,77],"role":[51],"in":[52],"high-throughput":[54],"acquisition":[55],"data":[57,69,168],"for":[58,78,241,253],"evaluating":[59,105],"traits.":[61],"One":[62],"main":[65],"factors":[66],"that":[67],"define":[68],"quality":[70],"sensor":[72,94,120,234],"imaging":[73,95,119],"angles,":[74],"which":[75],"extracting":[79,246],"characteristics":[81],"from":[82,197],"trees.":[84],"In":[85],"this":[86],"study,":[87],"goal":[89],"was":[90,138,223],"optimize":[92],"angles":[96,124],"extract":[98],"trait":[102],"information":[103],"by":[104],"integration":[107],"nadir":[109,205],"oblique":[111,207],"images.":[112],"A":[113,158],"UAV":[114,176,237],"integrated":[115,204],"at":[121,147,201],"three":[122],"different":[123],"(90\u00b0,":[125],"65\u00b0,":[126],"45\u00b0)":[128],"a":[130,210],"3D":[131,172],"light":[132],"detection":[133],"ranging":[135],"(LiDAR)":[136],"system":[137],"used":[139],"acquire":[141],"images":[142,199,208],"located":[146],"Washington":[149],"State":[150],"University's":[151],"Tukey":[152],"Horticultural":[153],"Orchard,":[154],"Pullman,":[155],"WA,":[156],"USA.":[157],"total":[159],"four":[161],"approaches,":[162],"comprising":[163],"2D":[167],"(from":[169,175],"UAV)":[170],"point":[173],"cloud":[174],"LiDAR),":[178],"were":[179],"utilized":[180],"segment":[182],"measure":[184],"individual":[186],"height":[188,218],"volume.":[192,229],"Overall,":[193],"features":[195],"extracted":[196],"acquired":[200],"45\u00b0":[202],"showed":[209],"strong":[211],"correlation":[212],"ground":[215],"reference":[216],"data,":[219],"while":[220],"latter":[222],"highly":[224],"correlated":[225],"selection":[231],"angle":[235],"during":[236],"flight":[238],"is":[239],"critical":[240],"improving":[242],"accuracy":[244],"may":[250],"be":[251],"useful":[252],"further":[254],"precision":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
