{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282823238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124480","title":"High-Resolution and Large-Sensing-Range Liquid-Level Sensor Based on Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry and No-Core Fiber","display_name":"High-Resolution and Large-Sensing-Range Liquid-Level Sensor Based on Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry and No-Core Fiber","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282823238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124480","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124480","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4480/pdf?version=1655188802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4480/pdf?version=1655188802","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067161270","display_name":"Guolu Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8004-4198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guolu Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024496348","display_name":"Pengxi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5769-350X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengxi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hu Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445218","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-4390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025368312","display_name":"Zeheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6421-5949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052420415","display_name":"Fabing Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabing Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751299","display_name":"Tao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9614-3476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067161270"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0923,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.391465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"12","first_page":"4480","last_page":"4480"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectometry","display_name":"Reflectometry","score":0.9109774827957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.5998377203941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5727745890617371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.5612380504608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.5495419502258301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-acoustic-sensing","display_name":"Distributed acoustic sensing","score":0.49997687339782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4769017696380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.47470346093177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4744594991207123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.46403881907463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.4305878281593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.4275512397289276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.42387229204177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.40148064494132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34972575306892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3452695310115814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29830050468444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19906169176101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18646585941314697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.9109774827957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.5998377203941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5727745890617371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.5612380504608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5495419502258301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158543913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283133","display_name":"Distributed acoustic sensing","level":4,"score":0.49997687339782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4769017696380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.47470346093177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4744594991207123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.46403881907463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4305878281593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.4275512397289276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.42387229204177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.40148064494132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34972575306892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3452695310115814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29830050468444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19906169176101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18646585941314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124480","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4480/pdf?version=1655188802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35746262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f990ecbe7f124f07b7301a81154af3d3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f990ecbe7f124f07b7301a81154af3d3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 12, p 4480 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/12/4480/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 12; Pages: 4480","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9230579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9230579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124480","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4480/pdf?version=1655188802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4239498395","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61825501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4486436734","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61975022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5111400758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61975022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5950870038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CQYC202005011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6868439393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CQYC202005011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8175288194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61825501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282823238.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965323765","https://openalex.org/W1999981519","https://openalex.org/W2000557050","https://openalex.org/W2034002839","https://openalex.org/W2072691441","https://openalex.org/W2079899543","https://openalex.org/W2144282282","https://openalex.org/W2200193424","https://openalex.org/W2342436796","https://openalex.org/W2540254734","https://openalex.org/W2735009035","https://openalex.org/W2803079291","https://openalex.org/W2883263439","https://openalex.org/W2890979045","https://openalex.org/W2891713433","https://openalex.org/W2905452292","https://openalex.org/W2913997014","https://openalex.org/W2939634884","https://openalex.org/W2943981762","https://openalex.org/W2996606493","https://openalex.org/W2999162455","https://openalex.org/W3023413551","https://openalex.org/W3092568756","https://openalex.org/W3138679756","https://openalex.org/W3203540918","https://openalex.org/W3209298709","https://openalex.org/W4213154298","https://openalex.org/W4220704377","https://openalex.org/W4226086624","https://openalex.org/W6681147151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2971284929","https://openalex.org/W3184095098","https://openalex.org/W4247269142","https://openalex.org/W2396133027","https://openalex.org/W2084522216","https://openalex.org/W2169212713","https://openalex.org/W1493885512","https://openalex.org/W2021460492","https://openalex.org/W3046000334","https://openalex.org/W2349359060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Liquid-level":[0],"sensors":[1,12],"are":[2],"required":[3],"in":[4,27,133],"modern":[5],"industrial":[6],"and":[7,30,44,101,139],"medical":[8],"fields.":[9],"Optical":[10],"liquid-level":[11,36],"can":[13,81,112],"solve":[14],"the":[15,58,62,66,70,78,134],"safety":[16],"problems":[17],"of":[18,61,65,86,90,98,106,123,136],"traditional":[19],"electrical":[20],"sensors,":[21],"which":[22],"have":[23],"attracted":[24],"extensive":[25],"attention":[26],"both":[28],"academia":[29],"industry.":[31],"We":[32],"propose":[33],"a":[34,83,93,102,119],"distributed":[35],"sensor":[37],"based":[38],"on":[39],"optical":[40,52],"frequency":[41,53],"domain":[42,54],"reflectometry":[43,55],"with":[45,118],"no-core":[46,67],"fiber.":[47],"The":[48,73,109,126],"sensing":[49,110],"mechanism":[50],"uses":[51],"to":[56,115],"capture":[57],"strong":[59],"reflection":[60],"evanescent":[63],"field":[64,135],"fiber":[68],"at":[69],"liquid-air":[71],"interface.":[72],"experimental":[74],"results":[75],"show":[76],"that":[77],"proposed":[79,127],"method":[80,128],"achieve":[82],"high":[84,103],"resolution":[85],"0.1":[87],"mm,":[88,100],"stability":[89],"\u00b115":[91],"\u03bcm,":[92],"relatively":[94],"large":[95],"measurement":[96],"range":[97],"175":[99],"signal-to-noise":[104,121],"ratio":[105,122],"30":[107],"dB.":[108,125],"length":[111],"be":[113],"extended":[114],"1.25":[116],"m":[117],"weakened":[120],"10":[124],"has":[129],"broad":[130],"development":[131],"prospects":[132],"intelligent":[137],"industry":[138],"extreme":[140],"environments.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
