{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282557733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124462","title":"Frequency Sweep Keying CDMA for Reducing Ultrasonic Crosstalk","display_name":"Frequency Sweep Keying CDMA for Reducing Ultrasonic Crosstalk","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282557733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124462","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124462","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4462/pdf?version=1655107726","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4462/pdf?version=1655107726","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031326652","display_name":"Ga-Rin Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8379-1754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ga-Rin Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8379-1754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681609","display_name":"Sang-Ho Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Ho Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6380-301X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035906745","display_name":"Kwang\u2010Ryul Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2928-2043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kwang-Ryul Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2928-2043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035906745"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6462,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66080211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"12","first_page":"4462","last_page":"4462"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14353","display_name":"Wireless Sensor Networks for Data Analysis","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.6790816783905029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.6594747304916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.6360652446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.577735960483551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5587478876113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5143684148788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-shift-keying","display_name":"Amplitude-shift keying","score":0.4355294108390808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crosstalk","display_name":"Crosstalk","score":0.43547338247299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-off-keying","display_name":"On-off keying","score":0.4243351221084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39312654733657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.38233375549316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.32381513714790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2835327386856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.283049076795578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2797026038169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11212790012359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.10029321908950806}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.6790816783905029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.6594747304916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.6360652446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.577735960483551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5587478876113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5143684148788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777973058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477284","display_name":"Amplitude-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.4355294108390808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169822122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230187","display_name":"Crosstalk","level":2,"score":0.43547338247299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170030856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136128","display_name":"On-off keying","level":5,"score":0.4243351221084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39312654733657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.38233375549316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.32381513714790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2835327386856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.283049076795578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2797026038169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11212790012359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.10029321908950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124462","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4462/pdf?version=1655107726","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35746244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71c810f32e014ee3bc30ec27c01e8812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71c810f32e014ee3bc30ec27c01e8812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 12, p 4462 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/12/4462/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 12; Pages: 4462","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9227820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9227820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124462","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4462/pdf?version=1655107726","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282557733.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1654823276","https://openalex.org/W1967303104","https://openalex.org/W1971114551","https://openalex.org/W1971190125","https://openalex.org/W1983044590","https://openalex.org/W1984294343","https://openalex.org/W1989497967","https://openalex.org/W2017505612","https://openalex.org/W2019328284","https://openalex.org/W2023186665","https://openalex.org/W2025077921","https://openalex.org/W2030434882","https://openalex.org/W2052701049","https://openalex.org/W2075032488","https://openalex.org/W2077334475","https://openalex.org/W2107165366","https://openalex.org/W2121477819","https://openalex.org/W2145352197","https://openalex.org/W2149790684","https://openalex.org/W2287325565","https://openalex.org/W2341763159","https://openalex.org/W2422413318","https://openalex.org/W2472524214","https://openalex.org/W2573540928","https://openalex.org/W2610163782","https://openalex.org/W2741913599","https://openalex.org/W2804555486","https://openalex.org/W2890842025","https://openalex.org/W2938520417","https://openalex.org/W2946408645","https://openalex.org/W2979464065","https://openalex.org/W2994790060","https://openalex.org/W3001079982","https://openalex.org/W3005366705","https://openalex.org/W3100716299","https://openalex.org/W4210448693","https://openalex.org/W4254593309","https://openalex.org/W6654599728","https://openalex.org/W6682067300","https://openalex.org/W6696456900","https://openalex.org/W6717385913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2284018709","https://openalex.org/W2731019566","https://openalex.org/W2004825331","https://openalex.org/W3004908124","https://openalex.org/W4245254780","https://openalex.org/W1489774986","https://openalex.org/W2963190840","https://openalex.org/W3005973175","https://openalex.org/W2402188480","https://openalex.org/W3015088299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0,77],"sensors":[1,23,55,64],"are":[2],"embedded":[3],"in":[4,27,39,65,95,167],"automobiles":[5],"to":[6,37,82,105,125],"implement":[7],"intelligent":[8],"safety":[9],"technologies":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,71],"autonomous":[13],"driving":[14],"and":[15,45,116,162,201],"front\u2013rear":[16],"collision":[17],"avoidance":[18],"technology.":[19],"In":[20,178],"particular,":[21],"ultrasonic":[22,54,63,106],"have":[24,32,79],"been":[25,57,80],"used":[26],"the":[28,50,60,66,72,84,126,146,148,155,159,170,173,188,195],"past":[29],"because":[30,59],"they":[31],"an":[33,182],"accuracy":[34],"of":[35,62,74,120,145,154,158,172],"centimeters":[36],"sub-centimeters":[38],"air":[40],"despite":[41],"their":[42],"low":[43,46],"cost":[44],"hardware":[47],"complexity.":[48],"Recently,":[49],"crosstalk":[51],"problem":[52],"between":[53],"has":[56,69,117],"raised":[58],"number":[61,73],"unit":[67],"space":[68],"increased":[70],"vehicles":[75],"increases.":[76],"studies":[78],"conducted":[81],"solve":[83],"crosstalk,":[85],"but":[86],"a":[87,100,143],"demodulation":[88],"error":[89,123],"occurs":[90],"when":[91],"signals":[92,175],"overlap.":[93],"Therefore,":[94],"this":[96],"paper,":[97],"we":[98],"propose":[99],"method":[101,128],"that":[102],"is":[103,109,192],"robust":[104,110,165],"signal":[107],"overlap,":[108],"even":[111,166,186],"at":[112],"shorter":[113,193],"code":[114,137,149,190],"length,":[115],"reduced":[118],"time":[119],"flight":[121],"(TOF)":[122],"compared":[124],"existing":[127,196],"by":[129],"applying":[130],"frequency":[131,198],"sweep":[132],"keying":[133,204],"modulation":[134],"based":[135],"on":[136],"division":[138],"multiple":[139],"access":[140],"(CDMA).":[141],"As":[142],"result":[144],"experiment,":[147],"was":[150,164,176],"detected":[151],"accurately":[152],"regardless":[153],"overlap":[156],"ratio":[157],"two":[160,174],"signals,":[161],"it":[163,180],"situations":[168],"where":[169],"power":[171],"different.":[177],"addition,":[179],"shows":[181],"accurate":[183],"TOF":[184],"estimation":[185],"if":[187],"ID":[189],"length":[191],"than":[194],"on\u2013off-keying,":[197],"shift":[199,203],"keying,":[200],"phase":[202],"methods.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
