{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282567149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124461","title":"Compact Four-Port Circularly Polarized MIMO X-Band DRA","display_name":"Compact Four-Port Circularly Polarized MIMO X-Band DRA","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282567149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124461","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124461","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4461/pdf?version=1655106292","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4461/pdf?version=1655106292","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026793971","display_name":"Ahmed A. Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-0770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89466785","display_name":"Minia University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hcv4z63","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89466785"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed A. Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-0770","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89466785"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114153996","display_name":"Hijab Zahra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hijab Zahra","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014254488","display_name":"Syed Muzahir Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-0896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Muzahir Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-0896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083374621","display_name":"Mohamed I. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7485-9406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156128","display_name":"Electronics Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0532wcf75","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094263","https://openalex.org/I4210156128"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed I. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microstrip Department, Electronics Research Institute, El Nozha, Cairo 11843, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7485-9406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microstrip Department, Electronics Research Institute, El Nozha, Cairo 11843, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059547012","display_name":"Gaurav Varshney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-9095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11793825","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/056wyhh33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11793825","https://openalex.org/I4210152752"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurav Varshney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 800005, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 800005, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11793825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076172522","display_name":"Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8600-5907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhas Mukhopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8600-5907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055447193","display_name":"Abdelhady Mahmoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-4860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207547235","display_name":"Benha University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tn5ee41","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelhady Mahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-4860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014254488","https://openalex.org/A5055447193"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207547235","https://openalex.org/I99043593"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":13.3621,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98188083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"12","first_page":"4461","last_page":"4461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-resonator-antenna","display_name":"Dielectric resonator antenna","score":0.6908347606658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5948126316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.558958113193512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.47654277086257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.37264251708984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3011131286621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resonator","display_name":"Resonator","score":0.27633169293403625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127820260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5274906","display_name":"Dielectric resonator antenna","level":3,"score":0.6908347606658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5948126316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.558958113193512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.47654277086257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37264251708984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3011131286621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.27633169293403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017097","descriptor_name":"Electric Impedance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017097","descriptor_name":"Electric Impedance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017097","descriptor_name":"Electric Impedance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124461","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4461/pdf?version=1655106292","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35746243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1498ea685c17415a85edd80228b82820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1498ea685c17415a85edd80228b82820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 12, p 4461 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/12/4461/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 12; Pages: 4461","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9230936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9230936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124461","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4461/pdf?version=1655106292","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282567149.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282567149.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971195065","https://openalex.org/W2030623354","https://openalex.org/W2168209744","https://openalex.org/W2519167148","https://openalex.org/W2559440856","https://openalex.org/W2604217340","https://openalex.org/W2736504959","https://openalex.org/W2793008571","https://openalex.org/W2804005676","https://openalex.org/W2896070373","https://openalex.org/W2908578005","https://openalex.org/W2919698832","https://openalex.org/W2935459419","https://openalex.org/W2951499279","https://openalex.org/W2954287514","https://openalex.org/W2971058340","https://openalex.org/W2975904762","https://openalex.org/W2991731786","https://openalex.org/W3012314316","https://openalex.org/W3022623010","https://openalex.org/W3033587599","https://openalex.org/W3047198521","https://openalex.org/W3087307142","https://openalex.org/W3119187251","https://openalex.org/W3129184841","https://openalex.org/W3135177698","https://openalex.org/W3176569690","https://openalex.org/W3206320666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W4291895924","https://openalex.org/W1783583321","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W2112785353","https://openalex.org/W2026727497","https://openalex.org/W4388520214","https://openalex.org/W2164866798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,34],"circularly":[1],"polarized":[2],"(CP)":[3],"multi-input":[4],"multioutput":[5],"(MIMO)":[6],"dielectric":[7],"resonator":[8],"(DR)":[9],"antenna":[10,53,96,122,151],"(DRA)":[11],"with":[12,30,36],"compact":[13,90],"size":[14],"and":[15,39,107,141],"four":[16],"ports":[17,41],"is":[18,42,80],"implemented.":[19],"CP":[20,92,131],"radiation":[21,132],"was":[22,49,63,123,133],"achieved":[23],"using":[24],"the":[25,52,56,59,70,75,120,128,146],"deformed":[26],"DR":[27],"geometry":[28],"excited":[29],"aperture":[31],"coupled":[32],"feeding.":[33],"CPDRA":[35],"a":[37,67,89,98,108],"single":[38],"two":[40],"investigated.":[43],"The":[44,61,94,117,135,149],"defected":[45],"ground":[46],"structure":[47],"(DGS)":[48],"incorporated":[50,64],"into":[51],"for":[54],"improving":[55],"isolation":[57],"between":[58,74],"ports.":[60],"DGS":[62],"in":[65,87,127,156],"such":[66],"way":[68],"that":[69],"required":[71],"phase":[72],"difference":[73],"generated":[76],"orthogonal":[77],"degenerate":[78],"modes":[79],"preserved.":[81],"This":[82],"concept":[83],"could":[84,152],"be":[85,154],"utilized":[86],"implementing":[88],"four-port":[91],"antenna.":[93],"MIMO":[95,136],"provides":[97],"10":[99],"dB":[100,110],"impedance":[101],"bandwidth":[102,112],"of":[103,113,119],"38%":[104],"(8.5-12.5":[105],"GHz)":[106],"3":[109],"AR":[111],"9.32%":[114],"(9.2-10.1":[115],"GHz).":[116],"gain":[118],"implemented":[121,150],"around":[124],"6":[125],"dBi":[126],"band":[129],"where":[130],"achieved.":[134],"performance":[137],"parameters":[138],"were":[139],"calculated,":[140],"their":[142],"values":[143],"remained":[144],"within":[145],"acceptable":[147],"limits.":[148],"suitably":[153],"used":[155],"X-band":[157],"applications.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}