{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282598937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124440","title":"Recent Advances in Bipedal Walking Robots: Review of Gait, Drive, Sensors and Control Systems","display_name":"Recent Advances in Bipedal Walking Robots: Review of Gait, Drive, Sensors and Control Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282598937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124440","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4440/pdf?version=1655693550","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4440/pdf?version=1655693550","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039427014","display_name":"Tadeusz Miko\u0142ajczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-590X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300393620","display_name":"Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049eq0c58","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tadeusz Mikolajczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-590X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084512940","display_name":"Emilia Miko\u0142ajewska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-3068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019271933","display_name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University","ror":"https://ror.org/0102mm775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148386","display_name":"Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz","ror":"https://ror.org/04c5jwj47","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933","https://openalex.org/I4210148386"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilia Miko\u0142ajewska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiotherapy, LudwikRydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland","Neurocognitive Laboratory, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-3068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy, LudwikRydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933","https://openalex.org/I4210148386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurocognitive Laboratory, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009407948","display_name":"Hayder F. N. Al-Shuka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-385X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN","IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayder F. N. Al-Shuka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Baghdad University, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-385X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Baghdad University, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083426565","display_name":"Tomasz Malinowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5191-8282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300393620","display_name":"Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049eq0c58","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Malinowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026837537","display_name":"Adam K\u0142odowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-5521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam K\u0142odowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of machine Design, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-5521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of machine Design, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066570575","display_name":"Danil Yurievich Pimenov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5568-8928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107640659","display_name":"South Ural State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfk2504","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107640659"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Danil Yurievich Pimenov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automated Mechanical Engineering, South Ural State University, Lenin Prosp. 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5568-8928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automated Mechanical Engineering, South Ural State University, Lenin Prosp. 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107640659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011607122","display_name":"Tomasz Paczkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-8817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300393620","display_name":"Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049eq0c58","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Paczkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-8817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083768066","display_name":"Fuwen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3508-8930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1456306","display_name":"North China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01nky7652","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuwen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3508-8930","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031858503","display_name":"Khaled Giasin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-8602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Giasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-8602","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086266633","display_name":"Dariusz Miko\u0142ajewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-2796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149592570","display_name":"Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz","ror":"https://ror.org/018zpxs61","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149592570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087266","display_name":"Institute of Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/003fvp964","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087266","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dariusz Miko\u0142ajewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-2796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149592570","https://openalex.org/I4210087266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018337823","display_name":"Marek Macko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-6602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149592570","display_name":"Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz","ror":"https://ror.org/018zpxs61","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149592570"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Macko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechatronics, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-6602","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechatronics, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149592570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039427014","https://openalex.org/A5066570575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107640659","https://openalex.org/I1300393620","https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":7.5992,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9849718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"12","first_page":"4440","last_page":"4440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.6700124740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6119034290313721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.4702642858028412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4587867558002472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"Gait analysis","score":0.43300721049308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.4226980209350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.40452146530151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.255565345287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.20481166243553162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.6700124740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6119034290313721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4702642858028412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4587867558002472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.43300721049308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4226980209350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40452146530151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.255565345287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20481166243553162}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4440/pdf?version=1655693550","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35746222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:710b9a2904194042a87db195a8986424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/710b9a2904194042a87db195a8986424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 12, p 4440 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/12/4440/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 12; Pages: 4440","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9229068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9229068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4440/pdf?version=1655693550","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282598937.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282598937.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":145,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3584668","https://openalex.org/W586872402","https://openalex.org/W1448574192","https://openalex.org/W1488777087","https://openalex.org/W1525673530","https://openalex.org/W1558144008","https://openalex.org/W1560270123","https://openalex.org/W1626229989","https://openalex.org/W1670426697","https://openalex.org/W1853143499","https://openalex.org/W1878048064","https://openalex.org/W1898388149","https://openalex.org/W1970649149","https://openalex.org/W1973148238","https://openalex.org/W1977041457","https://openalex.org/W1979152262","https://openalex.org/W1986621758","https://openalex.org/W1991344038","https://openalex.org/W1994275787","https://openalex.org/W1994513760","https://openalex.org/W1997576152","https://openalex.org/W1999684857","https://openalex.org/W2010667116","https://openalex.org/W2011092139","https://openalex.org/W2013004053","https://openalex.org/W2016102421","https://openalex.org/W2018782202","https://openalex.org/W2020046017","https://openalex.org/W2025814551","https://openalex.org/W2026490105","https://openalex.org/W2026582138","https://openalex.org/W2033973623","https://openalex.org/W2035722033","https://openalex.org/W2037729465","https://openalex.org/W2045017196","https://openalex.org/W2049511395","https://openalex.org/W2050753661","https://openalex.org/W2051269468","https://openalex.org/W2051287096","https://openalex.org/W2064248535","https://openalex.org/W2071069581","https://openalex.org/W2072476139","https://openalex.org/W2076120108","https://openalex.org/W2077031883","https://openalex.org/W2082551964","https://openalex.org/W2085366510","https://openalex.org/W2108890480","https://openalex.org/W2109641378","https://openalex.org/W2111539331","https://openalex.org/W2111966261","https://openalex.org/W2112282070","https://openalex.org/W2112567556","https://openalex.org/W2112651309","https://openalex.org/W2115699238","https://openalex.org/W2126207406","https://openalex.org/W2128191380","https://openalex.org/W2128521702","https://openalex.org/W2130912818","https://openalex.org/W2131600383","https://openalex.org/W2133859362","https://openalex.org/W2138048672","https://openalex.org/W2138671676","https://openalex.org/W2141967387","https://openalex.org/W2144410830","https://openalex.org/W2145961135","https://openalex.org/W2153763008","https://openalex.org/W2155514129","https://openalex.org/W2161075061","https://openalex.org/W2161427949","https://openalex.org/W2162684796","https://openalex.org/W2162951543","https://openalex.org/W2163668399","https://openalex.org/W2184417528","https://openalex.org/W2198989101","https://openalex.org/W2204100769","https://openalex.org/W2237930511","https://openalex.org/W2245658243","https://openalex.org/W2334433724","https://openalex.org/W2338101610","https://openalex.org/W2409350649","https://openalex.org/W2409421274","https://openalex.org/W2475712273","https://openalex.org/W2477476473","https://openalex.org/W2479735883","https://openalex.org/W2492560890","https://openalex.org/W2539534359","https://openalex.org/W2539818546","https://openalex.org/W2569517946","https://openalex.org/W2596225325","https://openalex.org/W2602427680","https://openalex.org/W2605188590","https://openalex.org/W2615664088","https://openalex.org/W2740660358","https://openalex.org/W2745637895","https://openalex.org/W2749160678","https://openalex.org/W2769261166","https://openalex.org/W2783845268","https://openalex.org/W2787690100","https://openalex.org/W2803381902","https://openalex.org/W2808181819","https://openalex.org/W2884792551","https://openalex.org/W2894286421","https://openalex.org/W2896200589","https://openalex.org/W2904019300","https://openalex.org/W2909746438","https://openalex.org/W2911477000","https://openalex.org/W2911934898","https://openalex.org/W2914399220","https://openalex.org/W2962768201","https://openalex.org/W2967714145","https://openalex.org/W2968893665","https://openalex.org/W2979807737","https://openalex.org/W2991389670","https://openalex.org/W3003625191","https://openalex.org/W3008014522","https://openalex.org/W3012173370","https://openalex.org/W3015880599","https://openalex.org/W3033353027","https://openalex.org/W3034236444","https://openalex.org/W3036860672","https://openalex.org/W3045339858","https://openalex.org/W3048123009","https://openalex.org/W3101144081","https://openalex.org/W3134677463","https://openalex.org/W3143373178","https://openalex.org/W3144930287","https://openalex.org/W3145057998","https://openalex.org/W3162184405","https://openalex.org/W3177449912","https://openalex.org/W3185209449","https://openalex.org/W3203378087","https://openalex.org/W3209948175","https://openalex.org/W4232637014","https://openalex.org/W4234364302","https://openalex.org/W4250550692","https://openalex.org/W4285319381","https://openalex.org/W6636776560","https://openalex.org/W6639019697","https://openalex.org/W6656988787","https://openalex.org/W6675369030","https://openalex.org/W6676294517","https://openalex.org/W6676879650","https://openalex.org/W6677912926","https://openalex.org/W6680188406","https://openalex.org/W6752406687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133973503","https://openalex.org/W2471060339","https://openalex.org/W2148547327","https://openalex.org/W1989734657","https://openalex.org/W4226236273","https://openalex.org/W2125892956","https://openalex.org/W4226004263","https://openalex.org/W2130975749","https://openalex.org/W2493973380","https://openalex.org/W2394835211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"there":[1],"is":[2,79,101,106,125,177,343],"an":[3,70],"intensive":[4],"development":[5,385,397],"of":[6,19,22,39,47,50,72,76,87,97,111,129,152,160,182,221,253,282,294,303,327,337,356,364,386,398],"bipedal":[7,51,57,88,123,183,357,399],"walking":[8,52,173],"robots.":[9,89,305],"The":[10,90,127],"most":[11,223],"known":[12,338],"solutions":[13,185,209],"are":[14,32,137,142,164,186,210,238,323],"based":[15,34,54,144,314],"on":[16,35,55,65,134,145,155,263,315,353],"the":[17,20,36,44,48,73,85,104,109,117,122,146,153,156,222,228,256,269,274,280,283,290,300,304,347,350,354,362,384,396],"use":[18],"principles":[21],"human":[23,77,92],"gait":[24,78,93,133],"created":[25],"in":[26,116,272,359,402],"nature":[27],"during":[28],"evolution.":[29],"Modernbipedal":[30],"robots":[31,53,191,198,237,245,342,358],"also":[33,138],"locomotion":[37],"manners":[38],"birds.":[40],"This":[41],"review":[42,151,351],"presents":[43],"current":[45],"state":[46],"art":[49],"natural":[56],"movements":[58],"(human":[59],"and":[60,103,113,168,174,193,196,234,250,255,265,292,296,299,318,330,335,340,368,375,406],"bird)":[61],"as":[62,64,81,219],"well":[63],"innovative":[66,197],"synthetic":[67,202,369],"solutions.":[68],"Firstly,":[69],"overview":[71],"scientific":[74],"analysis":[75],"provided":[80],"a":[82,150],"basis":[83],"for":[84,204,346,379,395],"design":[86],"full":[91],"cycle":[94],"that":[95,382],"consists":[96],"two":[98],"main":[99],"phases":[100],"analysed":[102],"attention":[105],"paid":[107],"to":[108,361],"problem":[110],"balance":[112],"stability,":[114],"especially":[115],"single":[118],"support":[119],"phase":[120],"when":[121],"movement":[124],"unstable.":[126],"influences":[128],"passive":[130],"or":[131,320],"active":[132],"energy":[135,301],"demand":[136],"discussed.":[139],"Most":[140],"studies":[141],"explored":[143],"zero":[147],"moment.":[148],"Furthermore,":[149],"knowledge":[154],"specific":[157],"locomotor":[158],"characteristics":[159],"birds,":[161],"whose":[162],"kinematics":[163],"derived":[165],"from":[166],"dinosaurs":[167],"provide":[169],"them":[170],"with":[171,246,392],"both":[172],"running":[175],"abilities,":[176],"presented.":[178],"Secondly,":[179],"many":[180],"types":[181,291],"robot":[184,230,242,258,400],"reviewed,":[187],"which":[188,260],"include":[189],"nature-inspired":[190],"(human-like":[192],"birdlike":[194,229,341],"robots)":[195],"using":[199,310],"new":[200],"heuristic,":[201],"ideas":[203],"locomotion.":[205],"Totally":[206],"45":[207],"robotic":[208],"gathered":[211],"by":[212],"thebibliographic":[213],"search":[214],"method.":[215],"Atlas":[216],"was":[217],"mentioned":[218],"one":[220],"perfect":[224],"human-like":[225,339],"robots,":[226],"while":[227],"cases":[231],"were":[232],"Cassie":[233],"Digit.":[235],"Innovative":[236],"presented,":[239],"such":[240],"asslider":[241],"without":[243],"knees,":[244],"rotating":[247],"feet":[248],"(3":[249],"4":[251],"degrees":[252],"freedom),":[254],"hybrid":[257],"Leo,":[259],"can":[261],"walk":[262],"surfaces":[264],"fly.":[266],"In":[267],"particular,":[268],"paper":[270],"describes":[271],"detail":[273],"robots'":[275],"propulsion":[276],"systems":[277,309,313],"(electric,":[278],"hydraulic),":[279],"structure":[281],"lower":[284],"limb":[285],"(serial,":[286],"parallel,":[287],"mixed":[288],"mechanisms),":[289],"structures":[293],"control":[295,329],"sensor":[297,312,331],"systems,":[298,332,334,388],"efficiency":[302],"Terrain":[306],"roughness":[307],"recognition":[308],"different":[311],"light":[316],"detection":[317],"ranging":[319],"multiple":[321],"cameras":[322],"introduced.":[324],"A":[325],"comparison":[326],"performance,":[328],"drive":[333],"achievements":[336],"provided.":[344],"Thirdly,":[345],"first":[348],"time,":[349],"comments":[352],"future":[355],"relation":[360],"concepts":[363],"conventional":[365],"(natural":[366],"bipedal)":[367],"unconventional":[370],"gait.":[371],"We":[372],"critically":[373],"assess":[374],"compare":[376],"prospective":[377],"directions":[378],"further":[380],"research":[381],"involve":[383],"navigation":[387],"artificial":[389],"intelligence,":[390],"collaboration":[391],"humans,":[393],"areas":[394],"applications":[401],"everyday":[403],"life,":[404],"therapy,":[405],"industry.":[407]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
