{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282576320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124394","title":"Integration of Blockchain Technology and Federated Learning in Vehicular (IoT) Networks: A Comprehensive Survey","display_name":"Integration of Blockchain Technology and Federated Learning in Vehicular (IoT) Networks: A Comprehensive Survey","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282576320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124394","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124394","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4394/pdf?version=1654858724","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4394/pdf?version=1654858724","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069580698","display_name":"Abdul Rehman Javed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0570-1813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Rehman Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0570-1813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032160151","display_name":"Muhammad Abul Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-7317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53831458","display_name":"Abasyn University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ws11813","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53831458"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Abul Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Technology, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-7317","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Technology, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53831458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004916379","display_name":"Faisal Shahzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-9189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Shahzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-9189","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014328365","display_name":"Waqas Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-1089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waqas Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-1089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072898466","display_name":"Saurabh Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1118-9569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurabh Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1118-9569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065487579","display_name":"Thar Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-4873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thar Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-4873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041854978","display_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-801X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041854978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":16.4763,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":151,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99395491,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"12","first_page":"4394","last_page":"4394"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9564551711082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7086896300315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5960846543312073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.5194905996322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.45689794421195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.45617055892944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4186379611492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3507208228111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.25973397493362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23531684279441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.09458976984024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.08280950784683228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9564551711082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7086896300315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5960846543312073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.5194905996322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.45689794421195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.45617055892944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4186379611492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3507208228111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.25973397493362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23531684279441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.09458976984024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.08280950784683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124394","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4394/pdf?version=1654858724","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35746176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da368f35f17345d5aecc24a01d14d0b0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da368f35f17345d5aecc24a01d14d0b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 12, p 4394 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/12/4394/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 12; Pages: 4394","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9229631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9229631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/b60233d6-b944-460c-9e5e-862dd23518f7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/publications/b60233d6-b944-460c-9e5e-862dd23518f7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401758","display_name":"University of Brighton Repository (University of Brighton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71637028","host_organization_name":"University of Brighton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71637028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Javed, A R, Hassan, M A, Shahzad, F, Ahmed, W, Singh, S, Baker, T & Gadekallu, T R 2022, 'Integration of Blockchain Technology and Federated Learning in Vehicular (IoT) Networks : A Comprehensive Survey', Sensors, vol. 22, no. 12, 4394. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124394","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/b60233d6-b944-460c-9e5e-862dd23518f7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131553696&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401758","display_name":"University of Brighton Repository (University of Brighton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71637028","host_organization_name":"University of Brighton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71637028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Javed, A R, Hassan, M A, Shahzad, F, Ahmed, W, Singh, S, Baker, T & Gadekallu, T R 2022, 'Integration of Blockchain Technology and Federated Learning in Vehicular (IoT) Networks : A Comprehensive Survey', Sensors, vol. 22, no. 12, 4394. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124394","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124394","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4394/pdf?version=1654858724","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282576320.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282576320.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":170,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008164459","https://openalex.org/W2010707297","https://openalex.org/W2035598501","https://openalex.org/W2064164188","https://openalex.org/W2188530018","https://openalex.org/W2344466211","https://openalex.org/W2541884796","https://openalex.org/W2605157201","https://openalex.org/W2744999500","https://openalex.org/W2786010450","https://openalex.org/W2786393483","https://openalex.org/W2793423901","https://openalex.org/W2794647042","https://openalex.org/W2805690413","https://openalex.org/W2883738719","https://openalex.org/W2884120611","https://openalex.org/W2885171760","https://openalex.org/W2887486920","https://openalex.org/W2888711915","https://openalex.org/W2889944408","https://openalex.org/W2890103652","https://openalex.org/W2891526102","https://openalex.org/W2892520153","https://openalex.org/W2898082692","https://openalex.org/W2900650192","https://openalex.org/W2902446797","https://openalex.org/W2907165388","https://openalex.org/W2907885309","https://openalex.org/W2910454330","https://openalex.org/W2910815950","https://openalex.org/W2915397254","https://openalex.org/W2916706358","https://openalex.org/W2918856356","https://openalex.org/W2921352626","https://openalex.org/W2922407904","https://openalex.org/W2932176981","https://openalex.org/W2946739295","https://openalex.org/W2946889063","https://openalex.org/W2956303394","https://openalex.org/W2956989650","https://openalex.org/W2958872116","https://openalex.org/W2959345751","https://openalex.org/W2963949671","https://openalex.org/W2964635667","https://openalex.org/W2971089459","https://openalex.org/W2976008907","https://openalex.org/W2976695157","https://openalex.org/W2978169795","https://openalex.org/W2980046995","https://openalex.org/W2980828401","https://openalex.org/W2982162079","https://openalex.org/W2983008824","https://openalex.org/W2984242138","https://openalex.org/W2985168655","https://openalex.org/W2989739168","https://openalex.org/W2990718401","https://openalex.org/W2993246062","https://openalex.org/W2993403916","https://openalex.org/W2995191368","https://openalex.org/W2999306289","https://openalex.org/W3000315811","https://openalex.org/W3004068692","https://openalex.org/W3004796362","https://openalex.org/W3004983566","https://openalex.org/W3005378045","https://openalex.org/W3006100279","https://openalex.org/W3006403513","https://openalex.org/W3006655855","https://openalex.org/W3007253316","https://openalex.org/W3009627224","https://openalex.org/W3012125688","https://openalex.org/W3012275392","https://openalex.org/W3013128006","https://openalex.org/W3014261503","https://openalex.org/W3015636663","https://openalex.org/W3016132187","https://openalex.org/W3019828913","https://openalex.org/W3021340023","https://openalex.org/W3022091783","https://openalex.org/W3033190733","https://openalex.org/W3033988836","https://openalex.org/W3034713986","https://openalex.org/W3037121310","https://openalex.org/W3037512809","https://openalex.org/W3041497362","https://openalex.org/W3043946770","https://openalex.org/W3045867564","https://openalex.org/W3045925054","https://openalex.org/W3046047516","https://openalex.org/W3047087541","https://openalex.org/W3048295601","https://openalex.org/W3048560307","https://openalex.org/W3049501660","https://openalex.org/W3049535205","https://openalex.org/W3057599433","https://openalex.org/W3066684277","https://openalex.org/W3083572825","https://openalex.org/W3089489910","https://openalex.org/W3090907207","https://openalex.org/W3091870957","https://openalex.org/W3092419015","https://openalex.org/W3098623161","https://openalex.org/W3100491179","https://openalex.org/W3103802018","https://openalex.org/W3107586890","https://openalex.org/W3110547954","https://openalex.org/W3117122740","https://openalex.org/W3119604436","https://openalex.org/W3120131065","https://openalex.org/W3122584441","https://openalex.org/W3123346250","https://openalex.org/W3123459983","https://openalex.org/W3127969535","https://openalex.org/W3128369476","https://openalex.org/W3128682123","https://openalex.org/W3129114628","https://openalex.org/W3130982961","https://openalex.org/W3132074610","https://openalex.org/W3133177552","https://openalex.org/W3133434317","https://openalex.org/W3137463631","https://openalex.org/W3138726304","https://openalex.org/W3143826815","https://openalex.org/W3144512645","https://openalex.org/W3155912831","https://openalex.org/W3157922814","https://openalex.org/W3159080474","https://openalex.org/W3161645673","https://openalex.org/W3162398026","https://openalex.org/W3164522852","https://openalex.org/W3165474736","https://openalex.org/W3166361504","https://openalex.org/W3167584492","https://openalex.org/W3168496996","https://openalex.org/W3169104110","https://openalex.org/W3170475622","https://openalex.org/W3171179538","https://openalex.org/W3171802458","https://openalex.org/W3171918319","https://openalex.org/W3183625236","https://openalex.org/W3184908565","https://openalex.org/W3186051974","https://openalex.org/W3188319173","https://openalex.org/W3193371357","https://openalex.org/W3202281568","https://openalex.org/W3207929292","https://openalex.org/W3211440137","https://openalex.org/W3211661740","https://openalex.org/W4200224268","https://openalex.org/W4205520016","https://openalex.org/W4206502564","https://openalex.org/W4210391699","https://openalex.org/W4210603186","https://openalex.org/W4211040998","https://openalex.org/W4212937105","https://openalex.org/W4214652825","https://openalex.org/W4214719528","https://openalex.org/W4221079563","https://openalex.org/W4221136581","https://openalex.org/W4224272230","https://openalex.org/W4226063041","https://openalex.org/W4226408066","https://openalex.org/W6666913606","https://openalex.org/W6686884436","https://openalex.org/W6743073161","https://openalex.org/W6749548732","https://openalex.org/W6772867248","https://openalex.org/W6786061324","https://openalex.org/W6796692140","https://openalex.org/W7062073354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,55,99],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"revitalizes":[5],"the":[6,28,40,52,97,141,147,158,171,188,190,194],"world":[7],"with":[8,162],"tremendous":[9],"capabilities":[10],"and":[11,58,68,89,102,110,124,135,150,154,160,167,180,198,206],"potential":[12],"to":[13,38,51,95,132,140,203],"be":[14,83,93,129],"utilized":[15],"in":[16,107,152,170,185],"vehicular":[17,148,209],"networks.":[18,210],"Smart":[20],"Transport":[21],"Infrastructure":[22],"(STI)":[23],"era":[24],"depends":[25],"mainly":[26],"on":[27,157,193],"IoT.":[29],"Advanced":[30],"machine":[31],"learning":[32],"(ML)":[33],"techniques":[34],"are":[35,47,71,183],"being":[36],"used":[37,94],"strengthen":[39],"STI":[41,56,108,151],"smartness":[42],"further.":[43],"However,":[44],"some":[45],"decisions":[46],"very":[48],"challenging":[49],"due":[50],"vast":[53],"number":[54],"components":[57],"big":[59,104],"data":[60,105,120,133],"generated":[61,106],"from":[62,178],"STIs.":[63],"Computation":[64],"cost,":[65],"communication":[66],"overheads,":[67],"privacy":[69,100,181],"issues":[70,81,98],"significant":[72],"concerns":[73],"for":[74,208],"wide-scale":[75],"ML":[76],"adoption":[77],"within":[78],"STI.":[79,142],"These":[80],"can":[82,92,118,128,136],"addressed":[84],"using":[85],"Federated":[86],"Learning":[87],"(FL)":[88],"blockchain.":[90],"FL":[91,161,166,205],"address":[96],"preservation":[101],"handling":[103],"management":[109],"control.":[111],"Blockchain":[112,127],"is":[113],"a":[114,130],"distributed":[115],"ledger":[116],"that":[117],"store":[119],"while":[121],"providing":[122],"trust":[123],"integrity":[125,134],"assurance.":[126],"solution":[131],"add":[137],"more":[138],"security":[139,179],"This":[143],"survey":[144],"initially":[145],"explores":[146],"network":[149],"detail":[153],"sheds":[155],"light":[156],"blockchain":[159,168,207],"real-world":[163],"implementations.":[164],"Then,":[165],"applications":[169],"Vehicular":[172],"Ad":[173],"Hoc":[174],"Network":[175],"(VANET)":[176],"environment":[177],"perspectives":[182],"discussed":[184],"detail.":[186],"In":[187],"end,":[189],"paper":[191],"focuses":[192],"current":[195],"research":[196,200],"challenges":[197],"future":[199],"directions":[201],"related":[202],"integrating":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}