{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282584543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124322","title":"RAEN: Rate Adaptation for Effective Nodes in Backscatter Networks","display_name":"RAEN: Rate Adaptation for Effective Nodes in Backscatter Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282584543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124322","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124322","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4322/pdf?version=1654611940","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4322/pdf?version=1654611940","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050228714","display_name":"Jumin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9049-4053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jumin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Intelligent Perception Engineering Technology Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Big Data Fusion Analysis and Application of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Perception Engineering Technology Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data Fusion Analysis and Application of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734770","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5919-8689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Intelligent Perception Engineering Technology Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Big Data Fusion Analysis and Application of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Perception Engineering Technology Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data Fusion Analysis and Application of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011263755","display_name":"Dengao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-7684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dengao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Data Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Intelligent Perception Engineering Technology Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Big Data Fusion Analysis and Application of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-7684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Data Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Perception Engineering Technology Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data Fusion Analysis and Application of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367009","display_name":"Qiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7078-7545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Intelligent Perception Engineering Technology Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Big Data Fusion Analysis and Application of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Perception Engineering Technology Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data Fusion Analysis and Application of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101570809","display_name":"Ruiqin Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-8263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiqin Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Intelligent Perception Engineering Technology Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Big Data Fusion Analysis and Application of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Perception Engineering Technology Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data Fusion Analysis and Application of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050228714"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03888858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"12","first_page":"4322","last_page":"4322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7934096455574036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.7141273617744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5639040470123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.47003644704818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4637053608894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42982643842697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.42392608523368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3806310296058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32949918508529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13990294933319092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7934096455574036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.7141273617744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5639040470123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.47003644704818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4637053608894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42982643842697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.42392608523368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3806310296058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32949918508529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13990294933319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124322","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4322/pdf?version=1654611940","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35746110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35746110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eda27ed254654b90b4b36baeb29ed712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eda27ed254654b90b4b36baeb29ed712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 12, p 4322 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/12/4322/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 12; Pages: 4322","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9230373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9230373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22124322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124322","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4322/pdf?version=1654611940","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282584543.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963654592","https://openalex.org/W1996137199","https://openalex.org/W2016544456","https://openalex.org/W2118572719","https://openalex.org/W2752508282","https://openalex.org/W2790582640","https://openalex.org/W2791750219","https://openalex.org/W2791820083","https://openalex.org/W2909720306","https://openalex.org/W2919249952","https://openalex.org/W2919885883","https://openalex.org/W2921333516","https://openalex.org/W2976731314","https://openalex.org/W3004350858","https://openalex.org/W3014919731","https://openalex.org/W3023930145","https://openalex.org/W3040089136","https://openalex.org/W3133631408","https://openalex.org/W3150423198","https://openalex.org/W3161556020","https://openalex.org/W3202038288","https://openalex.org/W4214690979","https://openalex.org/W6677860053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2997567050","https://openalex.org/W2136583354","https://openalex.org/W2111238207","https://openalex.org/W1533421371","https://openalex.org/W2760721665","https://openalex.org/W2989915292","https://openalex.org/W1483272040","https://openalex.org/W4283377908","https://openalex.org/W2112044895","https://openalex.org/W2003050223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"backscatter":[1],"network,":[2],"as":[3],"a":[4,18,64,113,118,143],"key":[5],"enabling":[6],"technology":[7],"for":[8,67],"interconnecting":[9],"plentiful":[10],"IoT":[11],"sensing":[12,25],"devices,":[13],"can":[14],"be":[15],"applicable":[16],"to":[17,71,81,122],"variety":[19],"of":[20,75,158,165,179],"interesting":[21],"applications,":[22],"e.g.,":[23],"wireless":[24],"and":[26,53,84,106,146],"motion":[27],"tracking.":[28],"In":[29,59],"these":[30],"scenarios,":[31],"the":[32,73,124,134,140,156,166,177],"vital":[33],"information-carrying":[34],"effective":[35,68,76,100,159],"nodes":[36,69,101,160,167],"always":[37],"suffer":[38],"from":[39,48,56],"an":[40,87,103],"extremely":[41],"low":[42],"individual":[43],"reading":[44],"rate,":[45],"which":[46],"results":[47],"both":[49],"unpredictable":[50],"channel":[51],"conditions":[52],"intense":[54],"competition":[55],"other":[57],"nodes.":[58],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,138],"propose":[63],"rate-adaptation":[65,185],"algorithm":[66],"(RAEN),":[70],"improve":[72],"throughput":[74,157,178],"nodes,":[77],"by":[78,161],"allowing":[79],"them":[80],"transmit":[82],"exclusively":[83,98],"work":[85],"in":[86,93],"appropriate":[88],"data":[89],"rate.":[90,127],"RAEN":[91,97,111,129,154,180],"works":[92],"two":[94],"stages:":[95],"(1)":[96],"extracts":[99],"with":[102,117,133,171],"identification":[104],"module":[105],"selection":[107],"module;":[108],"(2)":[109],"then,":[110],"leverages":[112],"trigger":[114],"mechanism,":[115],"combined":[116],"random":[119],"forest-based":[120],"classifier,":[121],"predict":[123],"overall":[125],"optimal":[126],"As":[128],"is":[130,175,181],"fully":[131],"compatible":[132],"EPC":[135],"C1G2":[136],"standard,":[137],"implement":[139],"experiment":[141],"through":[142],"commercial":[144],"reader":[145],"multiple":[147],"RFID":[148],"tags.":[149],"Comprehensive":[150],"experiments":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153],"improves":[155],"3\u00d7,":[162],"when":[163],"1/6":[164],"are":[168],"effective,":[169],"compared":[170],"normal":[172],"reading.":[173],"What":[174],"more,":[176],"better":[182],"than":[183],"traditional":[184],"methods.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}