{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281981394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114298","title":"Towards Convolutional Neural Network Acceleration and Compression Based on Simonk-Means","display_name":"Towards Convolutional Neural Network Acceleration and Compression Based on Simonk-Means","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281981394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114298","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35684919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22114298","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114298","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4298/pdf?version=1654762213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4298/pdf?version=1654762213","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033993289","display_name":"Mingjie Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-3554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjie Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of Computer Science, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Computer Science, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020072616","display_name":"Yunping Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-3740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunping Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of Computer Science, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Computer Science, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616860","display_name":"Xiaowen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-6363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of Computer Science, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Computer Science, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369797","display_name":"Chen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0260-2182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of Computer Science, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Computer Science, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047072104","display_name":"Jianzhuang Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianzhuang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of Computer Science, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Computer Science, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047072104"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.102,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36477664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"11","first_page":"4298","last_page":"4298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.8616338968276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.826887845993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7577428817749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/container","display_name":"Container (type theory)","score":0.5117802023887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4851275384426117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/table","display_name":"Table (database)","score":0.48051437735557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retraining","display_name":"Retraining","score":0.47673165798187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4484180212020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.4483191967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.44127607345581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4367583394050598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42838984727859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.42658916115760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.42629197239875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.25436097383499146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.8616338968276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.826887845993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7577428817749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.5117802023887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4851275384426117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.48051437735557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505966","display_name":"Retraining","level":2,"score":0.47673165798187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4484180212020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.4483191967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.44127607345581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4367583394050598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42838984727859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.42658916115760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.42629197239875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25436097383499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000054","descriptor_name":"Acceleration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000054","descriptor_name":"Acceleration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000054","descriptor_name":"Acceleration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044962","descriptor_name":"Data Compression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044962","descriptor_name":"Data Compression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044962","descriptor_name":"Data Compression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055585","descriptor_name":"Physical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055585","descriptor_name":"Physical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055585","descriptor_name":"Physical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22114298","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114298","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4298/pdf?version=1654762213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35684919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35684919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cfba72e9731641a1a99491229d594fe6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cfba72e9731641a1a99491229d594fe6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 11, p 4298 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/11/4298/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 11; Pages: 4298","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9185260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9185260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22114298","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114298","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4298/pdf?version=1654762213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281981394.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281981394.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996901117","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2103868202","https://openalex.org/W2144630005","https://openalex.org/W2167215970","https://openalex.org/W2286365479","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2442974303","https://openalex.org/W2554302513","https://openalex.org/W2584311934","https://openalex.org/W2751597414","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2937108468","https://openalex.org/W2963838731","https://openalex.org/W2964217848","https://openalex.org/W3002936220","https://openalex.org/W3026844281","https://openalex.org/W3087865721","https://openalex.org/W3100764509","https://openalex.org/W3134265729","https://openalex.org/W6638783484","https://openalex.org/W6724998850","https://openalex.org/W6748780714","https://openalex.org/W6786017242"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W2950475743","https://openalex.org/W2886711096","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W4380078352","https://openalex.org/W3046591097","https://openalex.org/W4389249638","https://openalex.org/W2733410219","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W4312107582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"Neural":[1],"Networks":[2],"(CNNs)":[3],"are":[4,8],"popular":[5],"models":[6],"that":[7,148],"widely":[9],"used":[10,36],"in":[11,25,37,61,103,118,163],"image":[12],"classification,":[13],"target":[14],"recognition,":[15],"and":[16,32,106,121,128,155],"other":[17],"fields.":[18],"Model":[19],"compression":[20,69,154],"is":[21,34,75],"a":[22,44,66,80,125],"common":[23],"step":[24],"transplanting":[26],"neural":[27],"networks":[28],"into":[29],"embedded":[30],"devices,":[31],"it":[33,42],"often":[35],"the":[38,56,113,134,138,159,166],"retraining":[39,50],"stage.":[40],"However,":[41],"requires":[43],"high":[45],"expenditure":[46],"of":[47,58,115,137,158],"time":[48],"by":[49,123],"weight":[51],"data":[52,119,126],"to":[53,78,99],"atone":[54],"for":[55],"loss":[57],"precision.":[59],"Unlike":[60],"prior":[62],"designs,":[63],"we":[64,85,111,132],"propose":[65,86],"novel":[67],"model":[68],"approach":[70],"based":[71,92],"on":[72,93,144,165],"<i>Simon</i><i>k</i>-means,":[73],"which":[74],"specifically":[76],"designed":[77],"support":[79],"hardware":[81,116,135],"acceleration":[82],"scheme.":[83],"First,":[84],"an":[87],"extension":[88],"algorithm":[89],"named":[90],"<i>Simon</i><i>k</i>-means":[91,98],"simple":[94],"<i>k</i>-means.":[95],"We":[96],"use":[97],"cluster":[100],"trained":[101],"weights":[102],"convolutional":[104],"layers":[105],"fully":[107],"connected":[108],"layers.":[109],"Second,":[110],"reduce":[112,156],"consumption":[114],"resources":[117],"movement":[120],"storage":[122,127],"using":[124],"index":[129],"approach.":[130],"Finally,":[131],"provide":[133],"implementation":[136],"compressed":[139],"CNN":[140],"accelerator.":[141],"Our":[142],"evaluations":[143],"several":[145],"classifications":[146],"show":[147],"our":[149],"design":[150],"can":[151],"achieve":[152],"5.27\u00d7":[153],"74.3%":[157],"multiply-accumulate":[160],"(MAC)":[161],"operations":[162],"AlexNet":[164],"FASHION-MNIST":[167],"dataset.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}