{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281908784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114260","title":"Implementing a Hand Gesture Recognition System Based on Range-Doppler Map","display_name":"Implementing a Hand Gesture Recognition System Based on Range-Doppler Map","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281908784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114260","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35684880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22114260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114260","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4260/pdf?version=1654484487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4260/pdf?version=1654484487","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036695517","display_name":"Yu-Chiao Jhaung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chiao Jhaung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7791-6410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061883428","display_name":"Yu-Ming Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1664-0312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Ming Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057197815","display_name":"Chiao Zha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiao Zha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059627549","display_name":"Jenq\u2010Shiou Leu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7197-9912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jenq-Shiou Leu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7197-9912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109235894","display_name":"Mario K\u00f6ppen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario K\u00f6ppen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering (CSSE), Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi 820-8502, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering (CSSE), Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi 820-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059627549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.3793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"11","first_page":"4260","last_page":"4260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9650999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.8688137531280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.741475522518158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7180959582328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.617789626121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5396314859390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.47049829363822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43751955032348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.42304667830467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42099589109420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36406564712524414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.8688137531280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.741475522518158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7180959582328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.617789626121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5396314859390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.47049829363822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43751955032348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.42304667830467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42099589109420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36406564712524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018608","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography, Doppler","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018608","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography, Doppler","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018608","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography, Doppler","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018608","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography, Doppler","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057567","descriptor_name":"Memory, Long-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057567","descriptor_name":"Memory, Long-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22114260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114260","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4260/pdf?version=1654484487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35684880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35684880","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:867d14be411e478881e467d53195a3e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/867d14be411e478881e467d53195a3e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 11, p 4260 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/11/4260/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 11; Pages: 4260","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9185293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9185293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22114260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114260","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4260/pdf?version=1654484487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324515","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324693","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281908784.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977995219","https://openalex.org/W1993666393","https://openalex.org/W2002488716","https://openalex.org/W2096189357","https://openalex.org/W2097299079","https://openalex.org/W2133258886","https://openalex.org/W2152621471","https://openalex.org/W2305645275","https://openalex.org/W2469690627","https://openalex.org/W2472262483","https://openalex.org/W2531174837","https://openalex.org/W2536305597","https://openalex.org/W2540589174","https://openalex.org/W2594035233","https://openalex.org/W2611233583","https://openalex.org/W2902928518","https://openalex.org/W2911053187","https://openalex.org/W2913020685","https://openalex.org/W2922148914","https://openalex.org/W2946020594","https://openalex.org/W2984829780","https://openalex.org/W3016435204","https://openalex.org/W3043248516","https://openalex.org/W3093583792","https://openalex.org/W3153700657","https://openalex.org/W3200081046","https://openalex.org/W4210607509","https://openalex.org/W6682724695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W2805039731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"have":[1],"been":[2,48],"several":[3],"studies":[4],"of":[5,80,156],"hand":[6,43,55,81,134,151],"gesture":[7,44,56,135,152],"recognition":[8,45],"for":[9,68],"human-machine":[10],"interfaces.":[11],"In":[12,72,137],"the":[13,34,77,122,130],"early":[14],"work,":[15],"most":[16],"solutions":[17],"were":[18],"vision-based":[19],"and":[20,38,83,93,116,128],"usually":[21],"had":[22],"privacy":[23,35],"problems":[24],"that":[25,64,120],"make":[26],"them":[27,85],"unusable":[28],"in":[29],"some":[30],"scenarios.":[31,105],"To":[32],"address":[33],"issues,":[36],"more":[37,39],"research":[40],"on":[41,59],"non-vision-based":[42],"techniques":[46],"has":[47],"proposed.":[49],"This":[50],"paper":[51],"proposes":[52],"a":[53,143],"dynamic":[54],"system":[57,102],"based":[58],"60":[60],"GHz":[61],"FMCW":[62],"radar":[63,78,124],"can":[65,99,159],"be":[66],"used":[67,146],"contactless":[69],"device":[70],"control.":[71],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75,98],"receive":[76],"signals":[79,125],"gestures":[82],"transform":[84],"into":[86,126,133],"human-understandable":[87],"domains":[88],"such":[89],"as":[90],"range,":[91],"velocity,":[92],"angle.":[94],"With":[95],"these":[96],"signatures,":[97],"customize":[100],"our":[101,138,157],"to":[103,148],"different":[104],"We":[106],"proposed":[107],"an":[108],"end-to-end":[109],"training":[110,139],"deep":[111],"learning":[112],"model":[113,158],"(neural":[114],"network":[115],"long":[117],"short-term":[118],"memory),":[119],"extracts":[121],"transformed":[123],"features":[127,132],"classifies":[129],"extracted":[131],"labels.":[136],"data":[140],"collecting":[141],"effort,":[142],"camera":[144],"is":[145],"only":[147],"support":[149],"labeling":[150],"data.":[153],"The":[154],"accuracy":[155],"reach":[160],"98%.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}