{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281895838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114194","title":"Fall Detection with the Spatial-Temporal Correlation Encoded by a Sequence-to-Sequence Denoised GAN","display_name":"Fall Detection with the Spatial-Temporal Correlation Encoded by a Sequence-to-Sequence Denoised GAN","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281895838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114194","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35684812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22114194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114194","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4194/pdf?version=1654052489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4194/pdf?version=1654052489","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026083028","display_name":"Wei-Wen Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8554-1265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088017","display_name":"Tatung (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00247dx40","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088017"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178613991","display_name":"National Taitung University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j9d8v51","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178613991"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Wen Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taitung University, Tatung 950309, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taitung University, Tatung 950309, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178613991","https://openalex.org/I4210088017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089868194","display_name":"Jing-Ming Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8041-6326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing-Ming Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Intelligent Image and Vision Technology Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Intelligent Image and Vision Technology Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100710724","display_name":"Chien\u2010Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4729-861X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032462085","display_name":"Yao\u2010Chung Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2545-8910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088017","display_name":"Tatung (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00247dx40","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088017"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178613991","display_name":"National Taitung University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j9d8v51","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178613991"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao-Chung Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taitung University, Tatung 950309, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taitung University, Tatung 950309, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178613991","https://openalex.org/I4210088017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089868194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6118,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66698452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"11","first_page":"4194","last_page":"4194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.650891900062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6230254769325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6147793531417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accidental-fall","display_name":"Accidental fall","score":0.5022737979888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.46391502022743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46129047870635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alarm","display_name":"ALARM","score":0.4538425803184509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/falling","display_name":"Falling (accident)","score":0.41734176874160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3985714912414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3632230758666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20246705412864685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.650891900062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6230254769325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6147793531417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909930183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333495","display_name":"Accidental fall","level":2,"score":0.5022737979888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.46391502022743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46129047870635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294350","display_name":"ALARM","level":2,"score":0.4538425803184509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333495","display_name":"Falling (accident)","level":2,"score":0.41734176874160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3985714912414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3632230758666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20246705412864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22114194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114194","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4194/pdf?version=1654052489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35684812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35684812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ec9645f810a44bbafb310a801a57c1f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ec9645f810a44bbafb310a801a57c1f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 11, p 4194 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/11/4194/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 11; Pages: 4194","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9185321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9185321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22114194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114194","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4194/pdf?version=1654052489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281895838.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281895838.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W764651262","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1992215715","https://openalex.org/W1995044606","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2074099390","https://openalex.org/W2077252476","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2100716893","https://openalex.org/W2152449912","https://openalex.org/W2155326828","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165736859","https://openalex.org/W2172156083","https://openalex.org/W2339754110","https://openalex.org/W2593493017","https://openalex.org/W2605270538","https://openalex.org/W2772973030","https://openalex.org/W2777292639","https://openalex.org/W2910221802","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2980662037","https://openalex.org/W2996492278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584123598","https://openalex.org/W2731305060","https://openalex.org/W2746852369","https://openalex.org/W3121346907","https://openalex.org/W4379535633","https://openalex.org/W2899507413","https://openalex.org/W2265295875","https://openalex.org/W3214457082","https://openalex.org/W2328084487","https://openalex.org/W2052116254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Falling":[0],"is":[1,24,93,104,144],"a":[2,20,88,186,203,216],"major":[3],"cause":[4],"of":[5,131],"personal":[6],"injury":[7],"and":[8,62,64,75,102,119,189,214,234],"accidental":[9],"death":[10],"worldwide,":[11],"in":[12,134,139],"particular":[13],"for":[14,68,84,99,219],"the":[15,36,54,65,81,97,107,112,129,135,152,158,162,178,206,227,231,237],"elderly.":[16],"For":[17],"aged":[18],"care,":[19],"falling":[21],"alarm":[22],"system":[23,98,173,229],"highly":[25],"demanded":[26],"so":[27,150],"that":[28,151,208,226],"medical":[29],"aid":[30],"can":[31],"be":[32],"obtained":[33],"immediately":[34],"when":[35],"fall":[37,43,85,117,163,197],"accidents":[38,118],"happen.":[39],"Previous":[40],"studies":[41],"on":[42,185],"detection":[44,143,198],"lacked":[45],"practical":[46],"considerations":[47],"to":[48,106,111,180,205],"deal":[49],"with":[50,157,236],"real-world":[51,238],"situations,":[52],"including":[53],"camera's":[55],"mounting":[56],"angle,":[57],"lighting":[58,108],"differences":[59],"between":[60,116],"day":[61],"night,":[63],"privacy":[66,100],"protection":[67],"users.":[69],"In":[70],"our":[71],"experiments,":[72],"IR-depth":[73],"images":[74,77],"thermal":[76],"were":[78,154,210],"used":[79],"as":[80,87,167,177],"input":[82],"source":[83],"detection;":[86],"result,":[89],"detailed":[90],"facial":[91],"information":[92],"not":[94],"captured":[95],"by":[96,200],"reasons,":[101],"it":[103,190],"invariant":[105],"conditions.":[109],"Due":[110],"different":[113],"occurrence":[114],"rates":[115],"other":[120],"normal":[121,159],"activities,":[122],"supervised":[123],"learning":[124,148],"approaches":[125,149],"may":[126],"suffer":[127],"from":[128],"problem":[130],"data":[132],"imbalance":[133],"training":[136],"phase.":[137],"Accordingly,":[138],"this":[140],"study,":[141],"anomaly":[142,169],"performed":[145],"using":[146],"unsupervised":[147],"models":[153],"trained":[155],"only":[156],"cases":[160,239],"while":[161],"accident":[164],"was":[165],"defined":[166],"an":[168],"event.":[170],"The":[171,222],"proposed":[172,228],"takes":[174],"sequential":[175],"frames":[176,183],"inputs":[179],"predict":[181],"future":[182],"based":[184],"GAN":[187],"structure,":[188],"provides":[191],"(1)":[192],"multi-subject":[193],"detection,":[194],"(2)":[195],"real-time":[196],"triggered":[199],"motion,":[201],"(3)":[202],"solution":[204],"situation":[207],"subjects":[209],"occluded":[211],"after":[212],"falling,":[213],"(4)":[215],"denoising":[217],"scheme":[218],"depth":[220],"images.":[221],"experimental":[223],"results":[224],"show":[225],"achieves":[230],"state-of-the-art":[232],"performance":[233],"copes":[235],"successfully.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
