{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281479261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103942","title":"Application of the Differential Evolutionary Algorithm to the Estimation of Pipe Embedding Parameters","display_name":"Application of the Differential Evolutionary Algorithm to the Estimation of Pipe Embedding Parameters","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281479261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103942","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103942","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3942/pdf?version=1653299353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3942/pdf?version=1653299353","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063510905","display_name":"Ping Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-2094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ping Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114949961","display_name":"Shuang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1334-2213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207528943","display_name":"Chengdu Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4jmp52","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207528943"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rail Transit College, Chengdu Vocational& Technical College of Industry, Chengdu 610213, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rail Transit College, Chengdu Vocational& Technical College of Industry, Chengdu 610213, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207528943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090652848","display_name":"Xiaozhen Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-8774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaozhen Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Railway Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-8774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Railway Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625174","display_name":"Yan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-5309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Noise and Vibration Research, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Noise and Vibration Research, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063510905","https://openalex.org/A5114949961"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207528943","https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2309,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48524749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"10","first_page":"3942","last_page":"3942"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.5796720385551453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.5707612633705139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5109623670578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.5088591575622559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.44580167531967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4144909977912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.41208022832870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3669162392616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34521782398223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3401090204715729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2804502844810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.14684942364692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.10949942469596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09603238105773926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5796720385551453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.5707612633705139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5109623670578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.5088591575622559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.44580167531967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4144909977912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.41208022832870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3669162392616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34521782398223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3401090204715729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2804502844810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.14684942364692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10949942469596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09603238105773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103942","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3942/pdf?version=1653299353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35632350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:575bd38da0fd478ba37694a0760f3bcc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/575bd38da0fd478ba37694a0760f3bcc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 10, p 3942 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/10/3942/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 10; Pages: 3942","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9143283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9143283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103942","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3942/pdf?version=1653299353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7105341150","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u571f-\u7ba1-\u6c34\u8026\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4f9b\u6c34\u7ba1\u9053\u4e3b\u52a8\u5f0f\u58f0\u5b66\u6cc4\u6f0f\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11774378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281479261.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281479261.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1989007870","https://openalex.org/W1996936084","https://openalex.org/W2022682139","https://openalex.org/W2037263214","https://openalex.org/W2083506373","https://openalex.org/W2126947419","https://openalex.org/W2144051602","https://openalex.org/W2156194072","https://openalex.org/W2318481615","https://openalex.org/W2342705980","https://openalex.org/W2521922656","https://openalex.org/W2797447402","https://openalex.org/W2800536570","https://openalex.org/W2913700840","https://openalex.org/W3004827088","https://openalex.org/W3009111754","https://openalex.org/W3041543574","https://openalex.org/W3046290353","https://openalex.org/W3194627252","https://openalex.org/W4282982858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062605435","https://openalex.org/W2273182195","https://openalex.org/W2186374051","https://openalex.org/W2377963109","https://openalex.org/W2022279172","https://openalex.org/W2352247021","https://openalex.org/W2145835458","https://openalex.org/W2059332403","https://openalex.org/W4284675145","https://openalex.org/W2372021191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,37,143,188,206],"time-delay":[1],"estimation":[2],"(TDE)":[3],"method":[4,8,87,93,153,240],"is":[5,41,108,118,127,169],"the":[6,24,30,35,42,47,56,60,82,85,114,131,134,148,152,165,173,178,181,185,193,211,219,223,238],"primary":[7],"for":[9,45,94,218,241],"predicting":[10],"leakage":[11,31,53],"locations":[12],"in":[13,63,88,105,110,139,147,222,244],"buried":[14,61,245],"water":[15],"distribution":[16],"pipelines.":[17,246],"accuracy":[19],"of":[20,29,52,59,84,97,180],"TDE":[21,86,239],"depends":[22],"on":[23,210],"acoustic":[25],"speed":[26,49,208],"and":[27,50,77,113,133,160,184,232],"attenuation":[28,51],"signal":[32],"propagating":[33],"along":[34],"pipeline.":[36,142],"analytical":[38,149],"prediction":[39],"model":[40,65,150],"typical":[43],"approach":[44],"obtaining":[46],"propagation":[48],"waves.":[54],"However,":[55],"embedding":[57,99],"parameters":[58,100,146,195,213],"pipe":[62,98],"this":[64,111],"must":[66],"be":[67],"measured":[68,138,200],"using":[69,101,151],"soil":[70,155,167,174,186,204],"tests,":[71],"which":[72],"are":[73,137,154,196],"very":[74],"difficult,":[75],"costly,":[76],"time-consuming.":[78],"These":[79],"factors":[80],"restrict":[81],"application":[83,189],"pinpointing":[89],"pipeline":[90],"leakage.":[91],"A":[92,124],"inverse":[95],"identification":[96],"discrete":[102],"wavenumbers":[103,136],"obtained":[104],"field":[106,125],"testing":[107],"presented":[109],"paper,":[112],"differential":[115],"evolution":[116],"algorithm":[117,183],"introduced":[119],"as":[120],"an":[121,215],"optimization":[122,182],"solution.":[123],"experiment":[126],"conducted":[128],"to":[129,171,177,198,236],"validate":[130],"method,":[132],"test":[135,168,221],"a":[140,202,229],"cast-iron":[141],"estimated":[144,194,212],"sensitive":[145],"elastic":[156],"modulus,":[157],"Poisson's":[158],"ratio,":[159],"pipe-soil":[161],"contact":[162],"coefficient,":[163],"while":[164],"conventional":[166,203],"used":[170],"measure":[172],"density":[175],"due":[176],"character":[179],"properties.":[187],"effects":[190],"show":[191],"that":[192],"close":[197],"those":[199],"from":[201],"test.":[205],"wave":[207],"based":[209],"was":[214],"excellent":[216],"match":[217],"on-site":[220],"engineering":[224],"application.":[225],"This":[226],"work":[227],"provides":[228],"less":[230],"costly":[231],"more":[233],"straightforward":[234],"way":[235],"apply":[237],"leak":[242],"localization":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}